Summary Of Albert Camuss The Plague - 747 Words

A greek philosopher, Thucydides, once said â€Å"The secret to happiness is freedom... And the secret to freedom is courage† (Thucydides). Albert Camus, much like Nietzsche did not believe that death, suffering, or the human existence had any underlying moral or rational meaning due to the fact that he did not believe in God or even an afterlife for that matter. Camus believed that human beings, as mortals, live under an irrational and an absurd death sentence, never really being able to live a free and meaningful life. Yet, Camus still believed that people were capable of giving their lives meaning and finally living their lives freely. In Albert Camus’ novel The Plague, the people of Oran believed that they were free, that is true, in the†¦show more content†¦In the early days of the plague, the citizens of Oran did not care about one another’s hardships due to the fact that each person of Oran was selfishly convinced that his or her pain is more uniq ue compared to â€Å"common† suffering happening throughout the city rather than believing that everyone else in town is going through the same pain and suffering. When the epidemic continues to be a big deal months after the rats first come to town, many of Oran’s citizens rise above themselves by joining the anti-plague effort. The recognition the townspeople have for the plague as a collective concern allows them to break the gap of alienation that has characterized and determined their unlively existence. Therefore, they give meaning to their lives because they chose to rebel against death itself by leaving the city or by otherwise avoiding the anti-plague effort is the same thing as surrendering to the death sentence under which every human being lives. Just as any rebellion against death and suffering is ultimately futile, readers already know that the anti-plague efforts seem to make little difference in the relentless progression of the epidemic. However, this novel declares that the rebellion is nonetheless a noble, meaningful struggle even if it means being defeated continuously until the plague runs its course. In an unique way, Camus’ novel, The Plague, is heavily infused with Camus’ beliefs in the value of being

Business Process Information System At Aecom - 1704 Words

Business Process Information System at AECOM AECOM is one of an engineering firm that specializes in consultancy, management and construction support services to clients in a multitude of different industries. The services that AECOM provides are diverse in nature because of the specific need of each industry that AECOM services. As a professional services organization, information plays an integral role in day-to-day operations because it supports the completion of the tasks related to business processes in the workplace. An entire business process is the sum of the tasks that workers perform in order to successfully complete a job for a client. To do this effectively, an organization will rely on the use of a business process†¦show more content†¦The costs and the benefits should be determined by the team responsible for the implementation of the new system. This information will then need to be used in order to perform a robust feasibility study. A feasibility study will need to take into consideration the different forms of feasibility that are associated with the project. Legal, human resource, economic, technological and operational factors should all be considerations in the feasibility study (Shelley, Cashman Rosenblatt, 2003). At the conclusion of the study, the costs and benefits for the organization as well as resource requirements and which subject matter experts should play roles in different elements of implementation will be known. This is the point where the IT organization will be able to come to a conclusion regarding what is needed in the development of a new system. Analysis At the point of analysis the IT organization will need to determine the needs of the organization in the scope of the specific business process and how it is that the implementation of a new business process information system will respond to the gaps in the current system (Shelley, Cashman Rosenblatt, 2003). The process stakeholders, the end customer, the employees and management will need to be considered in the analysis processShow MoreRelatedMgmt 520 Week 2938 Words   |  4 Pagesinterest you. Will this proposed regulation affect you or the business in which you are working? The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is in charge of the National Priorities List. Currently the EPA is seeking to propose a rule 61. I currently work for a corporation, AECOM that stands for Architecture, Engineering, Construction, Operations, Management, where our job is to destroy chemical agent, such as mustard nerve agent. AECOM works diligently to follow EPA guidelines to ensure we do notRead MoreUsing Problem Solving For Address Challenges927 Words   |  4 PagesUsing Problem Solving to Address Challenges Organizations and its employees have to make decisions and solve problems on a daily basis. URS (An AECOM Company) Federal Services provides program management and technical services to the US Government, and engineering design, planning, and construction services for public and private businesses. URS also provides technology test and evaluation (TE) support, with the US Military as one of its largest customers (URS, 2015). The TE group serves as anRead MorePricing Books Are A Direct Method For Applying Rates1673 Words   |  7 Pagesis updated yearly by Davis Langdon (AECOM) Common sources of published historical data used in industry include Spon’s Architects’ and builders Book and Laxton Building Price Book. Spon’s architects’ and builders book is one of the most detailed, professionally relevant sources of construction price information that is available. Laxton Building price book is very detailed and offers practical information and advice too. 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A key aim in this report is focusing on how a business in Turkey can be established as it would be arrogant to believe a foreign based company could walk in and just start winning projects. Why Istanbul? Turkey has been â€Å"one to watch† for a long time now. The country’sRead MoreA Case Study Of Dccw Uts Green Building : Description, Analysis And Evaluation2488 Words   |  10 PagesAbout new DCCW UTS Green building: DCCW UTS Green building is made in Sydney, Australia. The building is made by Canadian-American Architect namely Mr. Frank Gehry. Dr Chau Chak, who is an Australian-Chinese business person, donated $20 million for this building. The building is actually a Business School building for the University of Technology in Sydney. This twelve storey building is meant for the purpose of teaching the students and helping in further research purpose. Also an office space availableRead MoreWhat Factors Must a Firm Consider While Addressing the Make or Buy Decision?3664 Words   |  15 PagesQ: 3 (A) What factors must a firm consider while addressing the make or buy decision? Ans: International Operations management and corporate strategy: Operations management of an International business needs to be integrated with the firm’s corporate strategy. The central role of operations management is to create the potential for achieving superior value for the firm. If operations management takes Rs. 100 worth of inputs and brings out product worth Rs. 150, it has crated considerable valueRead MoreWhat Is Logistics23868 Words   |  96 PagesWhat is logistics? Logistics means having the right thing, at the right place, at the right time. [pic] Logistics  - (business definition) Logistics is defined as a business planning framework for the management of material, service, information and capital flows. It includes the increasingly complex information, communication and control systems required in today s business environment. --  (Logistix Partners Oy, Helsinki, FI, 1996) Logistics  - (military definition) The science of planning andRead MoreEthical Companies12021 Words   |  49 Pagesadvancement and sharing of best practices in business ethics, corporate social responsibility, anti-corruption and sustainability, announced the official unveiling of the 2011 World’s Most Ethical Companies. This year’s honorees have gone above and beyond to prove business ethics are paramount to the success of a company’s brand and bottom line. In its fifth year, the World’s Most Ethical Companies recognizes organizations that promote ethical business standards and practices by exceeding legal minimumsRead MoreSirtris Pharmaceuticals: Living Healthier, Longer9149 Words   |  37 Pagescopies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 1-800-545-7685, write Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to http://www.hbsp.harvard.edu. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the permission of Harvard Business School. 808-112 Sirtris Pharmaceuticals: Living Large, Longer In today’s strategy

Development Projects Are Being Implemented â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Development Projects Are Being Implemented? Answer: Introduction Water is considered to be one of the important parts in the life of the human beings. Several water development projects are being implemented mainly for the portable water which are considered to be the drinking water and the water for the irrigation. Scarcity of water can cause serious issues in the life of the human beings. Discussion Water scarcity or water deficiency or water requirement is the insufficiency of fulfilling water assets that can meet the water requests for a specific range. At whatever point there is a nonappearance of access to consumable and new water for drinking and sanitation, the circumstance comprehends that the water is uncommon. Water require in like way relates to a circumstance where there is water insufficiency, water emergency, and the nonappearance of access to quality water. Water need may stuck in an unfortunate situation in getting new weaken sources and the breaking and usage of the enormous water sources. A touch of the contributing areas to water inadequacy are trademark change, water mishandle, and expanded tainting. Various zones the world over are influenced by this consider, and around 2.7 billion individuals encounter water don't have every last year. As appeared by the United Nations (UN) 2013 give experiences as for water consistently, more than 1.1 billion individuals foresee that get the chance to will clean drinking water. As more individuals put routinely developing requesting on existing water assets, the cost and push to make or even keep up access to water will increment. With the forward and in turn around headway use rate, 66% of the total masses may go up against water inadequacies by 2025. Causes The shortage of water can be visualized in both local areas and in globally. Every human being must be informed for the reasons or the causes of the water shortages. The causes of shortages of water can be listed as: Riches and inconsequential asking for overpower available and surprising resources Extended sullying due to over the best and unsustainable human utilize There is misuse of water paying little regard to what you look like at it and in a broad assortment of mechanical methodologies Non-gainful private practices, for instance, leaving taps running when water is not required and ought to be stopped Money related insufficiency caused by poor or nonappearance of relationship of existing water resources Uneven transport of water resources regions that have wealth supplies don't divert central focuses for domains where it is required more Aquifers over-pumped and not re-charging quickly enough Ruining remains a champion among the most concerning issues in which governments don't do what's expected to repulse mechanical use affiliations that unlawfully dump chemicals and oils into concentrated on water structures Sensible access to arrive presents burdens of dispute where different people are restricted or denied access to arrive, paying little respect to whether unobtrusively or government attested, and on which gainful water resources may be found The trial of division remains noteworthy in a few regions of the world where regions have all around experienced dry insincerity and have foreseen that would depend in the wake of neighboring countries to supply them. Conclusion Every individual must be focused on the causes of the water shortages. They must not waste water instead water need to be preserved as one of the natural resources. References Water scarcity. (2017).ScienceDaily. Retrieved 5 August 2017, from https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/water_scarcity.htm

Poem-a-day analysis Essay Example

Poem-a-day analysis Paper I Love the Hour Just Before My initial reaction to this poem was that I share the same emotions the author expresses throughout the poem. IVe been in a situation where youre getting ready for an event or something similar to that and you become anxious for the event to start. Thats how I felt while reading this poem. His last lines were, Everything waiting. Even the wine barely breathing. The anxiety of the event to start is causing everyone to be nervous. The most interesting line in the poem that I liked was the third line, Pulling on boots, fixing their hair, planning what to say if shes there, picking a pluckier lipstick, ehearsing a Joke with a stickpin in it, doing the last minute fumbling one does before leaving for the night like tying up the dog or turning on the yard light. This entire sentence I can relate too. This sounds exactly like me and my friends before we are going out somewhere and we want to look perfect and make sure everything is going to run smoothly. The most meaningful word in the poem to me was the second word party. This sets the whole theme for the poem. With each sentence after that word you understand why they are doing what they are doing and why they are so anxious when they arrive. Black Laws My initial reaction to this poem was that I did not like it. I re-read this poem many times, and I simply Just dont understand what the author means. Its confusing to me. I know based on the title that it has to do with black culture, but I do not understand the story that the author is trying to tell. We will write a custom essay sample on Poem-a-day analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Poem-a-day analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Poem-a-day analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I think the most interesting line in the poem as well as the most provocative line is, They already shot the black boy on the road for dying without their permission. This line doesnt make sense to me. The black boy couldnt have died without their permission because he didnt die until he was shot. It was very ironic how it was ritten, but this line stood out to me more than any other. Fall Parties My initial reaction to this poem was surprised. I was surprised that the title is Fall Parties, and the author of this poem does a lot of comparing fall parties to summer parties that have passed. When I re-read this poem, I then understood that even though her summer parties were fun while they lasted, they dont compare to her excitement for fall parties to start where she can, snort your (falls) mulling spices and wear both, scuffed boots, scarves with cigarette holes. Fall is personally one of my Tavorlte seasons, so Delng aDle to read tnls poem aoout now exclt a sne Is Tor season to start made me excited also. The most interesting line in this poem to me was, Ill snort your mulling spices. This line stood out to me because it reminds me of a candle that my mother purchases every fall and lights in the house. I love the smell, and its only lit in the fall season, so I can relate to the poet in wanting to Just snort the mulling spices. The most provocative phrase to me in this poem is the phrase, Goodbye, summer. It is ironic to me that she is expressing the emotion of goodbye to a season, but at the same time it makes complete sense in the context of the poem. I ppreciate that she used this phrase in this context. Because I cannot remember my first kiss My initial reaction to this poem was shocked. I thought this poem was going to simply be about a man who couldnt remember receiving his first kiss, but instead it was about him learning the meaning of touch as a young 8-year-old by watching one of his idols kiss women on stage. While reading this poem, I could really feel how the author was feeling as he was sitting on his couch watching his colored TV as this was going on. I felt like I was sitting right next to him. The imagery made the poem feel so real as if I was experiencing it along side him. I really enjoyed reading this poem. The most interesting line in this poem to me was the last line, Tom Jones pointed to the women and said touch and the new color TV made everything shimmer with promise so my eight year old body preened and stretched itself against the ecstatic couch and dreamed of what tomorrow could be like if I could make touch mean so many things, if I could make a building or a body coo like this. This line Just emphasizes all the emotions that he felt as he watched Tom Jones go from women to women kissing them on the TV. For me reading this poem, it was a twist in the story or me when the author said that he was 8-years-old because I couldnt believe that an 8-year-old was having these emotions, or even watching this on TV in the first place. I think the most provocative word used throughout the poem is the word touch. Everyone knows what the generic definition of touch is, but the author describes it as something completely different, and it gives the word such a different meaning throughout the rest of the poem for the reader to relate too and truly understand where the author is coming from. Evangelize Your Love My initial reaction to the poem was confused. I had to re-read this poem a few imes, and I still dont think I fully grasped the concept. I think it is about a women and a man who got into something before they could handle it resulting in having a kid, but Im not positive. Overall, I dont really like this poem. The most interesting line in this poem to me was the last line, How can I live like this? the three of them in unison. This threw a curve ball at me the first time I was reading the poem because it brought to my attention that the story throughout the poem wasnt Just aoout a man ana a womens rocky relatlonsnlp, out Instead was a third character involved, maybe a child? To me, the most provocative word or phrase was, In year three, the sex fizzled and we broke up. Then we got married. To me, this phrase was so ironic. Throughout the entire poem the poet is describing a couple that simply has lost interest in each other, but towards the end they decide to g et married and there is a third character involved? This poem confused me very much. One shies at the Prospect of Raising Yet Another Defense of Cannibalism My initial reaction to this poem was curious. I couldnt tell if throughout the poem the author was actually talking about a movie, or if he was using metaphors to ompare the movie to an actual prostitute or a human. I like that throughout the poem you understand what the poet means, and what he is trying to say, and how he feels during it, but at the same time you still dont truly know who he is talking about. I think the most interesting line is, cant kiss a movie, Jean Luc Godard said, and this is mostly true, in that you cannot initiate the kiss. This is a great way to start the poem and leave the reader being curious. Everyone knows that you cant kiss a poem, so this leaves the reader wondering where the poet is going to travel throughout the rest of the poem. I liked that the first line had me wanting to read more. The most provocative word throughout the entire poem to me was the word movie. Throughout the entire poem, you read the word and understood what movie means, but you never truly knew what the author meant by the word. At some points I thought he really did mean the literal meaning of movie but other times I wasnt sure if he was using it to compare toa person. Overall, I liked the metaphors used in this poem. The Problem of Hands My initial reaction to this poem was the unusual title. I wanted to understood what the poem meant by the way that the title portrayed it to be. As I read this poem a few times, I then understood that the authors problem with hands is that she likes to get too close to paintings, and it would bother the guards at the museums or other people trying to look at the same paintings. So in this case, this authors problem with hands is that they are open and want to get close to certain items. The most interesting line to me was the last line, Here you come with your open hands. I felt that this was a great way to end the poem, after she titles the poem The Problem of Hands and she is discussing all that she has done with paintings nd making the guards nervous, for her to end the poem with that lines puts the entire poem into perspective for me. I now understand that the problem with hands is that she likes to keep her hands open and get too close to valuable paintings that she shouldnt. The most provocative word to me in this poem was the word hands. I would never view tne word nanas as Delnga proDlem until tne autnor aescrlDes now It can be. It opened my perspective to how the author feels, and how her hands have caused her to get in trouble. Toad My initial reaction to this poem was that I enjoyed reading it. I like how the title is simple, and in the beginning she talks about a dead toad that got ran over on the street, and switches over to a live toad, and then all of a sudden all of these memories of her father come back. It was a good flow of events to read from my perspective. Every sentence worked together smoothly and seemed to flow nicely while telling a story. The most interesting line in the poem to me was, Sometimes wed come upon a toad flattened by a car tire, pressed into the softened pitch, its arms spread out a little like Jesus, and it was now part of the surface of the road, part of the roads story. I loved this view of a dead toad. Normally when I see a dead animal on the road, I think its gross, and try not to look at it. But, IVe never looked at it like this poet described, so to me this was very interesting. I think the most provocative phrase to me was the end of the poem when it says, l feel the quickening pulse through its underbelly. Hooded eyes, molasses-tingled, unexpressive, the seam of its mouth glued shut. I love how she returns to describing the toad at the end of the poem, this time describing the live toad that she has captured. I think this is a very positive way to end the poem.

Joshua MacAnespie Art History Course Project Essays

Joshua MacAnespie Art History Course Project Essays Joshua MacAnespie Art History Course Project Essay Joshua MacAnespie Art History Course Project Essay Essay Topic: Cane Consider the following questions: How do artists use their media, tools, and creativity to express the period in which they live and work? How do political events such as war, peace, and changes in political power effect the art of the time? How do cultural and religious beliefs shape the artistic expression of the time? How do advances in technology affect the artistic expression of the time? Step 1 Go to the Virtual Diego Riviera Web Museum and explore the murals of Diego Riviera. Note how various murals by Riviera express the artistic style and the historical, political, cultural, and religious influences of the time. Formulate your thoughts and opinions and note specific images that represent your ideas. Step 2 Go to Frescoes in the Sistine Chapel by Michelangelo and explore the works of art. Note how Michelangelo work expresses the artistic style and the step 3 Develop an outline for your presentation: Title your presentation (include your name as the presenter and the date of the presentation). Clearly define the historical time in which each artist worked. Clearly define and contrast the political influences on each artist and his works. Clearly define and contrast the cultural and religious influences on each artist. Clearly define and contrast the artists artistic styles, including their use of media. Summarize your points in the conclusion. Step 4 Create your presentation. It should be approximately 20 minutes long. If you use slides as a visual for your presentation, include about 15 to 20 slides. Allot your time as follows: Introduction: about 2 minutes (1 to 2 slides) Defining the historical period of Michelangelo: about 2 minutes (1 to 2 slides) Defining the historical period of Diego Riviera: about 2 minutes (1 to 2 slides) Comparing and contrasting the political influences on the artists: about 4 minutes (3 to 4 slides) Comparing and contrasting the cultural and religious influences on the artists: about 4 minutes (3 to 4 slides) Comparing and contrasting the artistic styles of the artists: about 3 minutes (2 o 3 slides) Summarizing your conclusions: about 3 minutes (1 to 3 slides) Visit this website about creating and delivering a presentation for help in organizing writing, and delivering your presentation. Step 5 Edit your presentation to make sure it is accurate complete supported by details interesting and engaging Step 6 Deliver your presentation. The two artists, Michelangelo and Diego Riviera are very different. But similar in some key features that you may not have known about. How are they similar, you ask? Well, read on below and you will find the answer that you seek! Because these artists were way before you or I were born. Michelangelo was born in 1475, which should make you feel young comparing to him. Anyway on to our main topics since I seem to be boring you with this intro. So yes, again, Michelangelo was born on March 6, 1475 near Razor, Tuscany, Italy. He was once a talent artist. He did painting, sculptures, architect designs, poetry, and engineering during the Renaissance Era! Although at a young age, his mother died and because of his liking in art, he was beaten. When he turned 13 he became an apprentice for the painter Domenici Giordano. During this time he was living beside the conflicts of the wars between Spain and France. During this Renaissance was a time of coming out of the dark. It was the rebirth of education, science, art, literature, music, and better lives for the people. The era that bridged between the Middle and Modern Times started with the collapse of the Roman Empire. Part of this was also called the Dark Ages because so much of what was learned became lost knowledge. Diego Riviera was born in Conjugate, Mexico on December 8, 1886. During his lifetime he became a well acknowledged muralist His style mainly retained cubism, which is a type of art that is broken up, analyzed, and reassembled in abstract form. He participated in the founding of the Revolutionary union of Technical Workers, Painters, and sculptors in 1922. Later on he enlisted in the Mexican Communist Party. The Mexican Revolution in 1914-1915 strongly influenced him. So did the Russian Revolution in 1917. Diego was searching for a new style of painting, once that could show the complicated of his day and still reach a wide audience. It wasnt until be started to study the Renaissance frescoes of Italy that he found his medium. Mexican culture and history constituted the major themes and influence on Rivers art The political impact on Michelangelo was that many of his ideas were influenced by Neo-Platonism (which is a modern term used to determine the period of Platonic philosophy beginning with the work of Plotting and ending with the closing of the Platonic Academy by the Emperor Justinian in 529 C. E. ) Michelangelo three principles were: the One, the Intellect, and the Soul. He had more of a religious inspiration rather than political. During his time in the Mexican Communist Party, he became a political activist. The style of his art reflects the working class scenes that reflect his party as well. When he was married, his work started to become less political and more casual. His wife, Friday, used the styles of surrealism and symbolism. The religious impact on Michelangelo was major. His biggest works were David and the Sistine Chapel. David was based on the fable tale of David and the Goliath. The Sistine Chapel ex. bits Michelangelo knowledge of the Bible and Roman Catholic Doctrine. Many other works include the Pieta, Mannerist, Last Judgment Evaluation Rubric Criteria Quality Yes! Yes, but No, but No The introduction communicated the main points of the presentation in a clear, accurate, and interesting way. The introduction communicated the main points of the presentation but lacked some clarity or information. The introduction communicated some key points but missed others. The introduction didnt communicate the main points of the presentation. Body of presentation The body of the presentation made the main points accurately, had a clear and ordered structure, and provided supporting details. The body of the presentation made the main points but lacked some clarity, structure, or purporting details. The body of the presentation made some key points but missed other important points or lacked supporting detail. The body of the presentation missed the main points of the purpose of the presentation. Summary and conclusion The presentation summarized the main points and concluded in an effective way. The presentation had a conclusion, but it could have been more effective or complete. The presentation had a conclusion, but it was not effective. The presentation did not have a conclusion. Language The presentation was well written and delivered in an interesting and effective way. The presentation was accurate but the writing was not interesting and effective. The presentation was somewhat accurate but was poorly written and presented. The presentation was inaccurate and was poorly written and presented. Overall evaluation The presentation did a good job of answering the project questions and was interesting, informative, and engaging. The presentation answered most of the key project questions but could have been more complete and engaging. The presentation answered some of the key project questions but lacked interest. The presentation did not accurately answer the key project questions.

Pressure distribution on an ellipto-zhukovsky aerofoil Essay Example

Pressure distribution on an ellipto Pressure distribution on an ellipto-zhukovsky aerofoil Paper Pressure distribution on an ellipto-zhukovsky aerofoil Paper The pressure distribution around an Ellipto Zhukovsky aerofoil with a chord of 254 mm at a range of angles of attack (-4? , 7? and 15? ) was determined and pressure contributions to lift were evaluated in a T3 wind tunnel at City University. This was carried out at a chord Reynolds number of 3. 9 x 105. Graphs for lift and pitching moment coefficients were plotted against angles of attack. A graph for Cm and Cl was also plotted from which the aerodynamic centre was determined to be 23. 7%. The value of lift curve slope was determined to be 4. 4759. Hence the value of k (the ratio of the actual lift curve slope to the theoretical one) for this aerofoil was determined to be 0. 917. The value of Cmo was also found to be 0. 0172. Specimen calculations for 15 degrees angle of attack can be found in the appendix section. LIST OF SYMBOLS Cp Pressure Coefficient Cpu Pressure Coefficient of upper surface Cpl Pressure Coefficient of lower surface Cl Lift Coefficient Cm Moment Coefficient x/c Position of pressure tapping on aerofoil divided by chord length Px Pressure at tapping x (Pa) Patm Atmospheric Pressure (Pa) ? Density of air (kg/m3) i Dynamic viscosity ? Kinematics viscosity (m/s2) h Digital manometer reading ? angle of which manometer is inclined D or t Diameter of cylinder (mm) h tunnel height (mm) V Velocity of air flow (m/s) R Molar gas constant (J/kg. K) T Temperature (K) Re Reynolds Number INTRODUCTION An airfoil is any part of an airplane that is designed to produce lift. Those parts of the airplane specifically designed to produce lift include the wing and the tail surface. In modern aircraft, the designers usually provide an airfoil shape to even the fuselage. A fuselage may not produce much lift, and this lift may not be produced until the aircraft is flying relatively fast, but every bit of lift helps. The first successful aerofoil theory was developed by Zhukov sky and was based on transforming a circle onto an aerofoil-shaped contour. This transformation gave a cusped trailing edge, and so the transformation was modified to obtain a slender semi-eclipse trailing edge, which gave rise to the name Ellipto Zhukovsky. When a stream of air flows past an aerofoil, there are local changes in velocity around the aerofoil, and consequently changes in static pressure in accordance with Bernoullis theorem. The distribution of pressure determines the lift, pitching moment, form drag, and centre of pressure of the aerofoil. In our experiment we are concerned with the effect of pressure distribution on lift, pitching moment coefficient (Cm), and centre of pressure. The centre of pressure can be defined as the point on the aerofoil where Cm is zero, and therefore the aerodynamic effects at that point may be represented by the lift and drag alone. A positive pressure coefficient implies a pressure greater than the free stream value, and a negative pressure coefficient implies a pressure less than the free stream value (and is often referred to as suction). Also, at the stagnation point, Cp has its maximum value of 1 (which can be observed by plotting Cp against x/c). Zhucovsky claimed that the aerofoil generates sufficient circulation to depress the rear stagnation point from its position, in the absence of circulation, down to the (sharp) trailing edge. There is sufficient evidence of a physical nature to justify this hypothesis and the following brief description of the Experiment on an aerofoil may serve helpful. The experiment focuses on the pressure distribution around the Zhucovsky airfoil at a low speed and the characteristics associated with an airfoil:  coefficient of lift,   coefficient of pitching moment   and centre of pressure. The airfoil is secured to both sides of the wind tunnel with pressure tappings made as small as possible not to affect the flow,(appendix- photo 1 . The pressure difference around the airfoil is measured with twenty-five manometer readings which are recorded for each angle of attack. The manometer fluid is alcohol and has a specific gravity of 0. 83 and inclined at an angle of 30 degrees. Tube 1 is left open to atmospheric pressure, while tubes 2-13 are the lower surface of the airfoil and tubes 14-24 are the upper surface of the airfoil. The pressure tapings are positioned on the airfoil at a distance x/c, noted in the results table and tube 35 is the static pressure of the wind tunnel. The dynamic pressure is given by a digital manometer. The digital readout results were used for all calculations because they are more precise. Results Raw data and calculated values for x/c, Cp and Cp(x/c) can be found in the appendix. Graphs of Cp against x/c for angles of attack -4, 7, and 15 degrees can be also be found in the appendix. These graphs determine the lift coefficient. Counting the squares method was used to determine the values of Cl. Graphs of Cp*(x/c) against x/c for angles of attack -4, 7, and 15 degrees can be also be found in the appendix. These graphs determine the pitch moment coefficient. Counting the squares method was used to determine the values of Cm. Graphs of Cl against angle of attack ,Cm against angle of attack, and Cm against Cl can be found in the appendix. Also below is a summary of the results: Angle of Attack (degrees) Cl Cm -4 -0. 513 0. 153 7 0. 740 -0. 166 15 0. 946 -0. 183 Discussion The experiment was conducted in a low speed, closed wind tunnel, operating at approximately 50% of its speed. The aerofoil was mounted in the wind tunnel and its pressure tapings connected to a manometer inclined at 30 degrees to the horizontal. The height of the liquid in each manometer tube represented the pressure acting on each of the aerofoil tapings. The pressure in the working section, and the pressure at the venturi inlet were taken into account, and a resulting wind tunnel velocity was displayed on a digital manometer. The Reynolds number was calculated (see appendix. Values of Cl and Cm for other angles of attack were obtained from other groups conducting the experiment, and were used to obtain more accurate graphs. It was also found that the slope of the Cl against angle of attack graph was 4. 4759, which was not relatively close to the theoretical value of 7. 105. The aerodynamic centre was calculated at 23. 7% of the chord length (from the slope of the Cm against Cl graph). It was found that the lift increased with angle of attack, up to a point where the aerofoil experiences stall, and a dramatic loss of lift occurs. As there was little change in the lower surface pressure distribution, the lift was mainly generated due to the upper surface suction. As the angle of attack increases, the height of the upper surface suction peak should increase, and move forward, indicating that the centre of pressure is moving forward. However, experimentally this was not prominent, and can be attributed to a possible disturbance in the pressure distribution around the aerofoil. At zero degrees angle of attack, for a symmetrical aerofoil, lift and Cm should equal zero. The reason that they were not zero means that the aerofoil must have had a very small angle of attack. The discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental value of lift curve slope is due to boundary layer effects, and the effect of the thickness of the aerofoil, and thus the theoretical value needs to be multiplied by the k value (=0. 917) to obtain the experimental result. Conclusion The aim of the experiment was achieved with a relatively good level of experimental accuracy. The pressure distribution over an aerofoil contributes towards the lift and pitching moment coefficient, where the increase in suction on the upper surface (due to an increased angle of attack) increases the lift, and pitching moment coefficient. The variation of pressure distribution also affects the location of the centre of pressure. The factors which affected the pressure distribution, were mainly the thickness and the Reynolds number. However, when it comes to comparing the results with their theoretical values it is clear to see that there have been significant errors have occurred in the experiment. These are listed below. Human errors in reading of the manometer tubes. Where several people were involved and this led to different techniques being used it would have been best for everyone to take their own set of readings and the average value calculated using all the data. The most common error without ant doubt was parallax and this could have been avoided by using digital measuring devices. Calculation errors i. e. rounding off, conversion error and error occurring when the area under the graphs was calculated for the coefficient of lift.   Experimental errors some of the tapping may have been defective and not enough tapping were provided. Also to obtain a better lift curve slope there should have more angles of attack. Also any obstructions in front of the wind tunnel such as people would create unnecessary turbulence inside the wind tunnel. Appendix Specimen Calculations.

Equations of motion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Equations of motion - Assignment Example In rotational motion, the forces generate angular acceleration as well as where the point where the force is applied. Thus, angular acceleration is generated by torque. Torque is the product of the applied force and the moment arm, (N-m). Its magnitude is expressed as . In order to understand angular motion, an experiment was set to investigate the rotation motion of objects. The objective of the experiment was to utilize the knowledge in physics in performing it without the assistance of computer simulation to measure time and determine and predict the velocity of a rotating object. Angular motion can be described through the use of linear velocity and acceleration. But it is not convenient to use the same since the linear velocity and acceleration are dependent on the distance from a rotation axis. Angular quantities can thus be used to describe rotational kinematics and dynamics in complete analogy with linear dynamics and kinematics. The angular displacement of a solid disk rotating about a fixed axis is the angle at which the disk turns. The convention is that a displacement is positive if clockwise and negative when counterclockwise. The unit of measurement is the radian (rad), which is dimensionless. A radian is the ration of the arc length to the radius. The total arc length around a complete circle is the circumference, and thus there are 2 radians in 360Â °. Therefore, one radian is equal to 57.3Â °. Angular velocity is the rate of change of an angle with respect to time, and it is the same for all parts of a rotating body. It is a vector quantity and thus, its direction is along the axis of rotation. Its unit is radians/second. Angular acceleration is the rate of change of this velocity and is expressed

Analytical Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Analytical - Research Paper Example Furthermore, information systems assist the decision makers to have a clear perception about the present situation of the organization by proving strong evidences about the organization. However, healthcare information systems have certain demerits as well. Implementation of the systems is quite an expensive process and it also requires a lot of efforts and trained individuals to operate effectively. The management of information system is fundamentally done to gather data from the different departments of an organisation and then to present the data in a systematic format. Management of information system furthermore includes processing of the gathered data. Management of information system plays a vital role in most of the organisations. This system ensures the collection of appropriate data from the different sectors of the organisation and further facilitates to deliver the collected data when it is required (University of Mumbai, 2012). According to Colesca and Dobrica (2009), information system management plays a significant role in improving the efficiency of the healthcare organizations. Furthermore, it facilitates in improving the effectiveness of the services provided by the organizations while maintaining the costs at a minimum level. In addition, the system aids the organizations to remain competitive according to current market scenario and also enables them to provide high quality services as per the requirements of the customers (Colesca & Dobrica, 2009). According to Carlson (2007), management information systems can provide a numerous significant benefits to the healthcare organizations. These systems facilitates in the decision making process of the organizations and enable them to control the emerging related difficulties and also provide a basis to the organisations to monitor their progress towards the organisational goals. In addition, these systems educate the individuals as well as communities about the

Why Did Revolutions Break Out in Germany and Italy in 1848 Essay Example for Free

Why Did Revolutions Break Out in Germany and Italy in 1848 Essay The Spring of Nations, which consisted in the popular uprisings and revolutions that occurred in 1848, was caused by a series of factors which included social, economical and government crisis. Although these problems were serious and well eradicated, the major factor that caused these revolts was the rise of nationalist and liberalist ideas. When in 1845 a combination of massive crop failure in a mainly agricultural subsistence economy and a overproduction followed by an underconsumption of goods typical of the early industrialization led to a destructive economic crisis and recession. That year the potato blight, which was a vegetal desire that affected tubers such as potatoes, struck Europe making entire countries which their whole agriculture, since the Spanish brought the potatoes in Europe in the late 1400s, was based on the growth of this crop. Because of this disease, countries such as Ireland and Germany faced a great lack of food. The following year also a grain failure made the situation, if possible, even worse. This lack of food caused the prices of aliments to rise incredibly to the point where the daily pay of a factory worker wasnt enough to buy food to feed his family, of corse supposing that the factory worker didnt get fired because of the fall in demand of industrial products. With such an economical situation riots and acts of violence soon broke out. In 1846 the peasants in the Austrian provence of Galicia revolted against their landlords burning the documents regarding their feudal dues and attacking wealthy people. Similar hunger-driven acts of violence occurred in all of Europe. Soon the Austrian army put down the revolt but no actions were taken by the government to solve the problems that made it happen. The combined effect of a agricultural lesser production and the industrial overproduction affected negatively trade. Exports and imports dropped in all of Europe, even in the tax free zones such as the Zollverein where in three years the cotton exports dropped by 40%, and this angered greatly the people who controlled commerce at that time: the middle class. Although the middle class didnt start to riot straight away, this tension due to the economic losses will drive them towards liberal ideas and off from supporting the traditional government. After Napoleons definitive defeat in 1815, the liberals and the other carriers of the French revolutions ideas lost the hope to see reform brought out directly from the government. In a absolute monarchic Europe where these ideas were suppressed there was no space for political opposition because the governments outlawed any right of speech or press. Because of this repressive situation, secret societies started rising. Both nationalistic and liberalistic driven, these societies had the goal to promote reform and patriotism thus inspiring the people, especially the middle class, to revolt and embrace radical ideals. Major evidence of the popular will of independence and reform, was the burn ing of puppets which represented the leaders of the ancient regime. Particularly popular especially in the German Confederation, Italy and Hungary was the burning of puppets representing the maximum exponent of conservatism and reactionism: Prince Klemens von Metternich. The counter-liberalist policies carried out by the members of the holy alliance, Austria, Prussia and Russia, were ineffective. By censuring the press and removing the right of speech, the people didnt stop asking for change and reading about these ideas but they started to feel more repressed thus angering the people. Since the French revolution of 1789, Europe had been struck with innovative enlightened ideas such as the rights of man, the idea of universal suffrage (not including though women) and the idea of political liberalism. These ideas were mostly successful in the middle class which, over the past 250 years, became increasingly richer due to trade, banking and manufactory substituting de facto the nobility as most rich class. Although the middle class obtained economical power, the states offices were run by aristocrats and nobles appointed by the king. The middle class started growing resentment towards the monarchy and wanted their economical power to match their political power which, at the moment, they didnt have. Because of the repressive acts issued by the governments, especially the Austrian one, any kind of manifestation of liberal or nationalist ideas was to be punished (often with exile or prison), so secret societies started rising. These secret societies had the aim to promote liberalism and nationalism throughout actions against the governments. Mazzini, an italian radical, found Young Italy and Young Europe to promote the ideas spawned by the revolution. Although there were many secret societies, the most prominent was the italian Carbonari. The Carbonari were responsible and financed both the 1821 and 1848 uprisings in Italy. In conclusion all the factors that led to the Spring of Nations were important, especially the economic crisis and the famine because it angered the lower class making them too riot and revolt against the government, but without the nationalistic and liberal ideas that came along with the revolt made the difference. If it hasnt been for those ideals the Spring of Nations would have only been a mass of angry peasants rioting for the food shortages.

Shakespeares Macbeth Meets the Definition of a Tragic Hero Essay examp

Macbeth Meets the Definition of a Tragic Hero      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeare's tragic play 'Macbeth' contains images of suffering and details the consequences of one's action. The story, set within medieval Scotland, follows the actions of a man destined for greatness.   Macbeth is known to be noble, yet he falters and ultimately falls prey to his conscience.   As a result, Macbeth is the tragic hero of this play because he makes a fatal mistake, he endures great suffering, and he possesses a destructive hamartia. As aforementioned Macbeth's first characteristic of the tragic hero is that he makes a fatal mistake. Macbeth's fatal mistake is that he listens to others too much and he is particularly credulous as to what they say.   Macbeth is swayed by the words of the witches, the Apparitions, and his own wife.   Near the beginning of the play, Macbeth and Banquo encounter three witches. The witches greet Macbeth by hailing him by his two titles, Thane of Cawdor and Glams, and then the Third Witch hails him by saying, "... that shalt be king hereafter.(Mac.1.3.53)"   The witch's statement makes Macbeth believe that since the witch said it, it must be true.   The witches are probably the source for Macbeth's hunger for power over Scotland.   The witches do not ... ...sulted: Campbell, Lily B. "Macbeth : A Study in Fear." Readings on Macbeth. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 1999. 126-35. Kinney, Arthur F. ed. William Shakpespeare: the Tragedies. Boston: Hall and Company, 1985. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. Elements of Literature. Sixth ed. Austin: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1997. Wadsworth, Frank W. "Shakespeare, William." World Book Online American Edition. Online Edition. Online. Netzero. 26 Mar 2002. "William Shakespeare." BBC Homepage. Online. Available . 26 Mar. 2002. Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 1999. 30-37.

Product Line Study of Wockhardt Hospital by Shezah Salam

About Wockhardt Hospital Group Wockhardt hospital, a subsidiary of Wockhardt ltd. , is India’s leading super specialty hospital chain with branches in Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Nagpur, Nasik, Surat , Rajkot, Kalyan and Bhavnagar. As associate hospitals of Harvard Medical, USA in India, Wockhardt hospitals benefit from the extensive learning and experience of Harvard Medical School and its affiliated institutions world-wide. This association helps Wockhardt Hospitals to stay at the forefront of medical technology and techniques, way ahead of others. Wockhardt Hospitals, Mumbai, has become the first superspeciality hospital in South Asia to achieve accreditation from Joint Commission International (JCI), USA. JCI is the gold standard in global healthcare standards. With this, Wockhardt Hospitals joins an exclusive group of 71 hospitals worldwide, which have passed JCI’s stringent clinical quality standards. Their dedication to build a patient driven environment through the creation and exchange of knowledge is the decisive factor for their success. They constantly strive to upgrade the knowledge and competence of our human resources by constantly training with methodologies that meet global standards. Members of their medical team extensively travel to some of the best healthcare centers and teaching Institutions across the world to update their knowledge and acquire new competencies to hone their skills. The quality of healthcare services at their group hospitals in India is at par with the best centres anywhere in the world at a fraction of the cost in US, UK and Canada. Core Competencies Being a Specialty hospital, Wockardt’s core competencies lie in the following fields: †¢ Neurology and Neurosurgery †¢ Heart and cardiac care †¢ Cardio Thoracic and Vascular surgery †¢ Orthopedics and Joint Replacements †¢ Minimal Invasive surgery Wockhardt Product Line Based on the core competencies of the hospital, Wockhardt Hospitals offers the following highly specialized services known as their ‘centers of excellence’: 1. Wockhardt Heart –Care A center for excellence in interventional Cardiology and Cardiac Surgeries in the country, it has to its name a history of path-breaking procedures, be it the first-ever Conscious Off Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery and Awake Heart Surgery in India. Collectively Wockhardt group hospitals have now have tremendous experience of performing over 40000 Cardiac Surgeries and 75000 interventional cardiology procedures since its inception The same expertise and care is now available across various cities of India where Wockhardt Superspecialty Hospitals have been set up and each one of them have a Wockhardt Heart Care. These heart care are also a teaching center for clinicians from the sub-continent and now a preferred destination for cardiac patients not only from India but also from all over the US, UK, Canada, Middle East and Africas. According to the Wockhardt heart care philosophy, a life isn't saved until it is fully redeemed. Which means that anyone who comes in with a heart ailment, is not healed until they go back to their normal life, exactly like it was before. This is why Wockhardt treats surgery as just another stepping stone in the complete healing process. Their post operative facilities stand testimony to this belief. Their advanced rehabilitative care included dedicated nutritionists, dieticians, fitness equipment, counselors and our infection control policies; just a few initiatives that see you through the road to recovery. 2. Wockhardt Brain and Spine Care Wockhardt Brain & Spine specialties in Bangalore and Mumbai provides advanced micro-surgical techniques to treat complex Brain & Spine disorders. This super specialty center is amongst the few in Asia equipped with most advanced Neuro-navigation and Endoscopic facilities to perform complex brain and spine neurosurgeries. Wockhardt Brain & Spine Care has a vastly experienced team of Neurosurgeons and Neurologists, backed by the most comprehensive neuro-diagnostic and imaging facilities, positions the hospital among the best in the region. Neurological services extend to the very latest in diagnostic equipment such as EEG, ENMG, and Video-monitoring, 1. 5 Tesla MRI and 64-Slice CT Scan. 3. Bone and Joint Center The Wockhardt Bone & joint Care has evolved as the Centre of Excellence for joint replacement surgeries and is equipped to treat all types of musculo-skeletal problems ranging from surgeries to minimally invasive Arthroscopic surgeries. The Wockhardt Bone and Joint Care is equipped to treat all types of musculo-skeletal problems ranging from Trauma Surgery to Minimally Invasive Arthroscopy Surgery. The hospital also specilalises in surgery for joint replacements, sports medicine, ligament repair, knee surgery, spine surgery and physical therapy for rehabilitation. Wockhardt Bone & Joint Care has complete technology and advanced skills to perform Microscopic Lumber & Cervical Discectomy, Endo-scopic Spine Surgery and Arthroscopic surgeries such as Ligament Reconstruction in the knee, Subacromial Decom-pression in the shoulder. 4. Minimal Access Surgery The Wockhart Minimal Access Surgery Hospital is equipped with High-end technology to perform precision surgery in this newly developed modality of surgical treatment, which until recently required large incisions on the human body. It encompasses operative procedures for the nervous system, ENT, thorax, abdomen, urinary tract, reproductive system and joints. This technology not only minimises surgical trauma, pain and blood loss but also shortens hospitalisation and improves aesthetics. Traditionally surgeons had to cut wide and deep (Incision) to reach (Access) organs for large incisions caused pain, were prone to infections/ hernia and often rendered poor cosmetic results. These factors were the underlying cause of significant mortality and morbidity. Minimal Access Surgery (MAS) makes it possible for surgeons to reach (Access) various organs in the body cavities through small incisions (Minimal). Wockhardt Minimal Access Surgery Hospital has acquired complete State-of –the-art range of endoscopic technology required for carrying our minimal access surgery. These include: Endovision Tricam SL, Harmonic Scalpel, Medical grade monitor, CO2 Insufflator and a wide range of high precision instruments. 5. Hip-resurfacing centre Wockhardt provides high quality and cost effective hip replacement surgery services. Their Minimally Invasive Hip Resurfacing/ Replacement Surgery: Removes only unhealthy bone and replaces it with a metal on metal articulation. †¢ It preserves the normal bone of the hip – patients can squat, sit cross-legged without the risk of dislocation. †¢ Everlasting – based on 35-year history in Birmingham of metal on metal implants. †¢ Excellent restoration of full function. †¢ Femo ral head remains viable after BHR surgery. It does not sacrifice normal bone during primary surgery. †¢ Activity restriction not required after surgery, as there is hardly any risk of dislocation. Patient can indulge in full sporting activities without risk of dislocation. Patients have gone back to sports like competitive Judo and Squash after surgery. †¢ Overall 99% success rate – ideal option for the younger or more active patient 6. Women Care Wockhardt Hospitals Woman Care program is a culmination of strengths derived from our association with HMI, and conceptualized in line with the world renowned Harvard associated Brigham & Women’s Hospital. A 30, 000 sq ft area is exclusively dedicated to Woman care with consultation suites, delivery rooms, operating rooms, dedicated to obstetrics, a 12-bed neo-natal ICU & a nursery. Our Woman health care programmes, besides minimal access gynaecological services, also include preventive clinics (early diagnosis of breast, uterine, ovarian and cervical cancer), Infertility clinics & Menopausal clinics. Other services offered by Wockhardt: †¢ Liver Transplant and Digestive Diseases †¢ Joint Replacements †¢ Women and Child Care †¢ Trans Nasal Brain Tumor Surgery †¢ Urology and Andrology †¢ Obesity Surgery †¢ Dental Care †¢ Surgical Oncology †¢ Parkinson's Disease Surgery Product Mix |Heart Care |Brain and Spine | |A. CARDIO – THORACIC AND VASCULAR SURGERIES |Spinal Surgeries | | |[pic] | | |Microscopic lumbar discectomy or decompression | | | | |[pic] |[pic] | |Beating Heart Bypass Surgery (Off – Pump Coronary|Microscopic anterior cervical discectomy | |Bypass Surgery) | | |[pic] | |[pic] |Endoscopic discectomy | |Conscious Off Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery| | |- COPCAB (Awake Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery |[pic] | |-ACAB) |Spinal decompression with or without fusion | | | | |[pic] |[pic] | |On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery |Endoscopic fusion of spine | | | | |[pic] |[pic] | |Redo Bypass Surgery |Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy | | | | |[pic] |Degenerative Disc Disease | |Valve Surgery |[pic] | | |Minimally-invasive spinal fusion and advanced instrumentation | |[pic] | | |MVR with Correction of Atrial fibrillation using |[pic] | |Maze III Procedure |Total disc replacement surgery | | | | |[pic] |[pic] |Vascular Surgery |Spinal deformity corr ection and stabilization | | | | |[pic] |[pic] | |Thoracic & Pulmonary Surgeries |Endoscopic fusion of spine | | | | |[pic] |[pic] | |Adult & Paediatric Open Heart Surgeries |Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy | | | | | |Osteoporosis of the spine | | |[pic] | | |Vertebroplasty | | | | |B. INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY PROCEDURES |[pic] | | |Kyphoplasty | | | | | |[pic] | |[pic] |Spondylolisthesis | |Coronary Angiography & Angioplasty (both Femoral | | |& Radial Approach) |[pic] | | Posterior spinal instrumentation | |[pic] | | |Angiogram & Angioplasty of arteries of Neck, Leg |Abnormal curvature within the spine-scoliosis | |, Arm, Kidney | | | | | |[pic] |[pic] | |Permanent pacemaker (Single & Double Chamber) |Thoracoscopic deformity correction | | | | |[pic] |[pic] | |Valvuloplasty |Posterior correction of Scoliosis or Kyphosis with instrumentation | | | | |[pic] | | |EP Study Diagnostic & Ablation | | | |Other spine surgeries | |[pic] |[pic] | |ASD closure with device |Tuberculosis of Spine – Thoracoscopic Spinal Surgery with Para spinal abscess | | |drainage | | | | | |[pic] | | |Spine Tumor Surgery | | | | |C. CARDIAC REHABILITATION PROGRAMME |[pic] | | |Spine Trauma | | | | | |Brain surgeries | | |[pic] | | |Microsurgery for Brain Tumors | | | | | |[pic] | | |Endoscopic Brain Surgery | | | | | |[pic] | | |Trans Nasal Endoscopic Brain Tumor Removal | | | | | |[pic] | | |Skull Base Surgery | | | | | |[pic] | | |Brain Trauma Surgery | | | | |[pic] | | |Congenital Cranial Deformity | | | | | |[pic] | | |Stereotactic Brain Surgery for Tumor and Functional Neurosurgery | | | | | |[pic] | | |Craniofacial Surgery with FMS (Facio-Maxillary Surgery) | | | | | |[pic] | | |Brain Surgery for Abnormal Blood Vessels | | | | | |[pic] | | |Brain Surgery for Epilepsy | | | | | |[pic] | | |Brain Surgery for Removal of Blood Clots | | | | | |[pic] | | |Interventional/ Neuro-endovascular Therapy for Cerebro-vascular Diseases and Tumor| | | | | |[pic] | | |Interventional/ Neuro-endovascular Therapy for Cerebro-vascular Diseases and Tumor| | | | Product Mix (contd. ) Bone and join t care |Minimal access surgery |Women Care |Hip Replacement |Other Specialties | |Arthroscopic surgery:Key hole | |The NEST – Bithing Services |Minimally invasive hip |Liver Transplant and | |surgery for disorders of knee and | | |replacement surgery |Digestive Diseases | |shoulder |[pic] |LDRP birthing suites, Private | | | |Minimal Access Spine surgery |DIAGNOSTIC ENDOSCOPY |deluxe, Twin-deluxe and multi-bed | |Joint Replacements | |Hip Resurfacing | |Painless deliveries | | | |Paediatric Bone & Joint Surgeries |[pic] |Management of high risk | |Women and Child Care | |Fracture Treatment |Upper GI Scopy |pregnancies/Late pregnancies | | | |Sports Medicine | |The Lamaze Classes | |Trans Nasal Brain Tumor| |Speciality Clinic for Arthritis |[pic] |Ante-natal classes | |Surgery | |Trauma & Pain Management |Colonoscopy | | | | |Osteoporosis | |Clinics | |Urology nd Andrology | |Lifestyle Modification Programme |[pic] | | | | |(Rehabilitation) |ERCP |Menopause Clinic | |Obesity S urgery | |Patient Education Programme | |Infertility Clinic | | | |Total Knee Replacement |[pic] |Adolescent Clinic | |Dental Care | |Unicondylar Knee Replacement |Bronchoscopy | | | | |Total Hip Replacement | |Minimal Access Gynaecological | |Surgical Oncology | |Hip Resurfacing / Surface | |Surgeries | | | |Replacement Arthroplasty | | | |Parkinson's Disease | |Shoulder Replacement |[pic] |Laproscopic hysterectomy | |Surgery | |Neck & Elbow Replacement |EMERGENCY LAPAROSCOPY |Laproscopic tubectomy | | | | | |Laproscopic overectomy | | | | |[pic] | | | | | |LAPAROSCOPIC PROCEDURES |Operative Gynaecological Surgeries | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] |Hyserectomy | | | | |Hernia procedures |Ovarian cysts | | | | | |Malignancies | | | | |[pic] Surgeries on the fallopian tube | | | | |Gallbladder stones and liver |Removal of fibroids | | | | |procedures: | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | |Procedures on esophagus/ | | | | | |myotomy | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | |Nissen fundopli cation | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | |Procedures on the stomach | | | | | |cancer | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | |Procedures on the small | | | | | |intestine | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | |Procedures on pancreas | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | |Procedures on other organs | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | |Hepatic Resection for | | | | | |Malignant Liver | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | |VIDEO ASSISTED THORACIC | | | | |SURGERY | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | |LAPAROSCOPIC COLONIC | | | | | |CANCER/RECTAL CANCER SURGERY | | | | | | | | | | Product Hierarchy Product analysis: Wockhardt Heart Care With its latest technological advances and ethical management practices Wockhardt pledges to provide international standard cardiac care to its patients. Wockhardt Heart Care, with the best Cardiac Surgeons, Cardiologist & Medical Staff delivers wor ld standard heart care with the highest degree of convenience, care and compassion at a reasonable cost. ore Branding Strategy: â€Å"Heart is Wockhardt† is how Wockhardt Hospital and Heart Institute has come to be known as since the past 17 years. A center for excellence in interventional Cardiology and Cardiac Surgeries in the country, it has to its name a history of path-breaking procedures, be it the first-ever Conscious Off Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery and Awake Heart Surgery in India. The Wockhardt branding strategy concentrates on depicting an image of overall heart care. According to the Wockhardt philosophy a life isn’t saved until it’s completely redeemed. This is why they treat surgery as just another stepping stone in the complete healing process. Another facet in the 360 degree care they offer. Pricing Startegy: With Wockhardt Hospitals, even the most cost-sensitive traveler can get the best and most specialized services and luxury amenities. Procedure / Treatment |Wockhardt Hospitals, India ($) |USA ($) |UK (GBP) | |Open Heart |8,500 |100,000 |20,000 | |Surgery (CABG) | | | | |Total Knee |7,000 |48,000 |15,000 | |Replacement | | | | |Hip Resurfacing |8,500 |55,000 |15,000 | |LA Hysterectomy |4 ,500 |22,000 |6,000 | |Lap Cholcystectomy |4,500 |18,000 |4,000 | |Spinal Decompression Fusion |8,500 |60,000 |32,100 | |Obesity Surgery |9,800 |65,000 |12,000 | |(Gastric Bypass) | | | | Product Level [pic] Points of Parity of Wockhardt heart care and other hospital chains †¢ Well experienced doctors †¢ Latest technology †¢ Luxurious Ambience †¢ Large variety of surgeries Points of Difference of Wockhardt Heart Care and other Hospital Chains †¢ Rehabilitation Centers (Including dietician, gyms, etc. ) †¢ Greater heart surgery specialties †¢ Tie up with Harvard Medical Association †¢ World Class Services and Facilities †¢ Joint Commision International Accreditation †¢ Ground Breaking Medical Breakthroughs: The Four Prong Strategy: Nobody wanted to treat a 12 year old girl with a congenital cardiac defect of criss-crossed ventricles and arteries. Medication could only do so much and a temporary fix of the valves would only buy time. T he team at Wockhardt Hospitals wanted more for the girl; we wanted to give her a normal life of a 12 year old. It took a whole year of tests and scans and 4 high risks surgeries to re-arrange the girls heart; but it the end we challenged the odds and emerged successful. o The Radio Maze Therapy: Heart specialists at Wockhardt have found an extremely advantageous procedure surgical procedure which will offer a permanent solution during atrial fibrillation – An abnormal fast beating of the heart caused by disturbed electrical discharges. The surgery uses the technique of irrigated radio frequency modified maze procedure, which is performed to treat atrial fibrillation along with an open heart surgery for valve replacement. o Wake-up to a new world: A 78 year old patient walked into Wockhardt Hospitals with chest pain. An emergency angiogram indicated the urgent need for a bypass. The problem ? He was a smoker and affected lungs meant that he could not tolerate general anaesthesia. And he had other complications, like diabetes and renal problems which eliminated heart lung machines. In most other hospitals, this would have been the end of the story. But our team came up with a medical plan to perform a minimally invasive coronary bypass without general anaesthesia or a ventilator support, using the technique called high epidural analgesia. The operation lasted 45 minutes and was a success, and the patient was awake all through. o The Brains behind the heart: A 22 year old was brought to Wockhardt Hospitals with a rare condition. He has a cancerous tumour in his heart. Something that is normally found in the brain. A condition like this is so rare that there isn't even enough medical literature about it. But that didn't stop our team. In an epic surgery that lasted longer than 6 hours, they successfully removed the tumour and literally rebuild a large part of his heart. o The 900gm Miracle: Most hospitals wouldn’t operate on Jonathan. He was four months old and weighed 900grams. He was almost the size of a palm. Jonathan's heart was just one-inch–long and had a one –centimetre fungal mass in the right chamber, which had infected his blood. An open heart surgery was his only chance of survival, but was risky, considering his loss of weight. A risk that most hospitals were not willing to take. They wanted to wait till Jonathan gained more weight, which meant they needed more time. Time is what he did not have. But the team at Wockhardt had belief. Belief in their skills and belief that they would save Jonathan's life. The six hour surgery was a success. Jonathan was reborn. ———————– Marketing Management: A product line study of Study by Shezah Salam Roll no: 2120

On Ethics and Economics Book Review

On Ethics and Economics Amartya Sen Blackwell Publishers, 1987, pp. 148, Rs. 271 ‘On Ethics and Economics’ by Amartya Sen centres on a particular phenomenon that the author considers unfortunate to the discipline. In this book, Amartya Sen talks about the continued and ever increasing distancing of economics from ethics. This book has three chapters and under each chapter, there are sub topics. That makes the book more structured and easy to understand even for a person who is not so competent in the study of Economics.Though the book was written in 1987, most of the arguments still apply in todays’ world. Amartya Sen starts off with an Edward Clerihaw Bentley verse about a major practitioner of political economics and this sets the tone for the rest of the book. The author basically tries to argue that ethics-related tradition of Economics dates back to the days of Aristotle and that Economics ultimately goes hand in hand with the study of Ethics and Politics. Am artya Sen certainly and in a very obvious manner, questions the disassociation of the study of Economics from that of ethics and political philosophy.Hence, this book is undoubtedly a very important reading for those who are interested in connecting the dots between economics and business ethics. Professor Sen, while agreeing that the ‘engineering’ approach to Economics has been often fruitful, criticises the same ‘engineering approach’ by saying that it has substantially impoverished the modern economics because it has created a distance between economics and ethics. He also goes on to explain that the ‘Positive Economics’ has led to ignoring complex ethical consideration which effect human behaviour.Professor Sen believes that the growing distances between Ethics and Economics has affected the former more. The author is extremely persuasive when he suggests enlarging the role of welfare economics in understanding the basis for policy decision s involving social achievements. Professor Sen truly believes that Economic advancement is going on at full steam without any moderation from the discipline of ‘ethics’ and that the role of ethics has been ignored by all the policy makers and modern economists. Hence, it is not surprising that ‘Business Ethics’ is regarded as an oxymoron in the business world.The author tries to relate between economic behaviour and rationality. He agrees with the assumption that ‘Humans think rationally. ’ Though the author says that the rational behaviour might not be the actual behaviour all the time, he also says that this particular assumption is better than assuming the humans think irrationally, which will lead to more mistakes than the assumption currently in use. The amount of space and importance given to the assumption by the author makes the reader think about how rationally an individual or the policy makers think today.It plays a huge role in the study of economics. Professor Sen then goes on to talk about the self -interest and rational behaviour. In the second chapter, Economic Judgement and Moral Philosophy, to bring more sanity into the discussion, Professor Sen has brought in the areas that have been neglected by scholars when dealing with the issues of social achievement. They consist of values, rights and freedom, welfare, self-interest and all those that cannot be reduced to a single denomination called utility.According to welfare’s notion of rationality, it is not unreasonable for a person to put his self-interest ahead and to choose the state which maximises his welfare regardless of the goals of others in the society. Professor Sen introduces something called as ‘Agency Role’ when he talks about the dual nature of a person. I completely agree with Professor Sen when he says that a person thinks like an agency when he recognises and acknowledges goals of other people in the society and that a p erson thinks in terms of a well-being, which too calls for his/her own attention.This can be applied to the Game Theory and the example of Prisoners Dilemma. The arguments put forth by Sen by promoting ethics to economics are very useful to current economic scenarios faced by the global community. For instance, the problem of pollution cannot be solved by providing incentives, but by developing a mind-set that is largely away from self-centredness. If one is unfamiliar with the problem of ethics other than utilitarian standard of analysis, then reading and comprehending this book could be a struggle or might find it difficult to read this book.Perhaps the terms ‘wants’ and ‘needs’ ought to be differentiated so that the choice of individuals will be dictated by ‘needs’ rather than ‘wants’. If this perspective can be used to moderate on the usefulness of utilitarianism or welfarism, and is incorporated within the matrix of the discip line, then there is hope that ethics and economics can contribute to a balanced approach to solving problems of human existence, which is very much the need of the hour right now. -Book review by K Ravi Teja Reddy

102 Research and The Conversation Professor Ramos Blog

102 Research and The Conversation Quick Write Quick Write What do you think is the difference between writing in high school and writing in college? The Conversation We have already learned several important concepts. The next concept is the metaphor of The Unending Conversation. What we are studying now, has a long history. People have been writing and researching everything you can think of. For example, the conversation on how to speak well goes back a couple thousand years to Aristotle, Plato, and others that came before. How does this relate to writing? Everything you will write about from now on, needs to be based in a conversation. A scholarly one, a scientific one, a popular one. To know what has been said before, you need to read and research. Why does this matter? Burke’s â€Å"Unending Conversation† Metaphor Kenneth Burke writes: Imagine that you enter a parlor. You come late. When you arrive, others have long preceded you, and they are engaged in a heated discussion, a discussion too heated for them to pause and tell you exactly what it is about. In fact, the discussion had already begun long before any of them got there, so that no one present is qualified to retrace for you all the steps that had gone before. You listen for a while, until you decide that you have caught the tenor of the argument; then you put in your oar. Someone answers; you answer him; another comes to your defense; another aligns himself against you, to either the embarrassment or gratification of your opponent, depending upon the quality of your ally’s assistance. However, the discussion is interminable. The hour grows late, you must depart. And you do depart, with the discussion still vigorously in progress. Weekly Journals week 2 Intro to Research Scholarly research is research that is published by people with specialized knowledge on what they are researching. It is peer reviewed, reviewed by other researchers and specialist in the field, and is generally trustworthy. Blogs, Newspapers, Magazines are not Scholarly but are popular sources. ProCon.org  No subscription needed. Good place to look at the main issues around a topic. Occupational Outlook Handbook  The OOH can help you find career information on duties, education and training, pay, and outlook for hundreds of occupations. Google Scholar  Google academic database search. Great place to start. Crafton Hills Library Databases  Ã‚  You have to sign in to access the library databases off campus. Annotated Bibliography The annotated bibliography is intended to help you with your research project. An annotated bib is a works cited or references page with additional information added to each citation. You begin with the correct reference citation for your sources. For this assignment we will have three to five sources. Here is a good explanation of  citations in MLA. Explanation and example of an  Annotated Bibliography  from Cornell Example 2  Annotated Bibliography  from Purdue OWL Here is the format: Author(s). â€Å"Article Title.†Ã‚  Source, vol. #, no. #, season year, pp. xx-xx.  Database,  URL. Example: Kong, Les. â€Å"Business Sources for Education Majors.†Ã‚  Education Graduate Students Journal, vol. 75, no. 4, 2014, pp. 12-19.  JSTOR,  jstor.org/stable/52506788. To each entry you will add the annotation, the paragraph or two that explains the source, why you are using it, and its reliability. Each professor you will have in the future may have specific guidelines for what to include in an annotated bibliographic entry. Always follow their instructions. For this assignment, you should include: Summary of Source, 2-4 sentences How you are using it in your report, 1-3 sentences Reliability of source, 1-3 sentences Krikorian, Mark. â€Å"Two Immigration Priorities.†Ã‚  National Review, Dec, 2016, pp. 18-20, SIRS Issues Researcher,  www.sks.sirs.com. This article goes into detail on some of the other less talked about factors of the changes in how we deal with illegal immigrants under our new president and his policies. The author is the director of the Center for Immigration Studies so I assume he is a credible expert in immigration. I will use this source to get more specific in my critique of the border wall proposal. Krikorian, Mark. â€Å"Two Immigration Priorities.†Ã‚  National Review, Dec, 2016, pp. 18-20, SIRS Issues Researcher,  www.sks.sirs.com. This article goes into detail on some of the other less talked about factors of the changes in how we deal with illegal immigrants under our new president and his policies. The author is the director of the Center for Immigration Studies so I assume he is a credible expert in immigration. I will use this source to get more specific in my critique of the border wall proposal. In total, you should have a short paragraph, 4-10 sentences, explaining the three points above. Homework Write the Annotated Bib 5 Sources Tuesday Rough Draft of Proposal Essay

Wildow Wilson essays

Wildow Wilson essays The strength of the liberal forces desired a stronger treaty and conservative isolationists and opposed the treaty on all grounds combined. This was done to help defeat the Treaty of Versailles. The final blame for the defeat of the treaty lies with Woodrow Wilsons stubborn resistance to compromise. Woodrow Wilson was the son of a Presbyterian Minister. He carried his own personal religious and academic beliefs over into his political career. Wilson promised a war to make the world safe for democracy. Wilson incorporated fourteen points into the Treat of Versailles that would supposedly achieve his aforementioned goal-among these an end to protective trade barriers, self-determination for people of all nations, and the very controversial world organization, The League of Nations (Article X). Article X stipulated that all league members would come to the aid of any member nation faced with naked aggression. Article X is nothing but the inevitable, logical center of the whole system, argued Wilson who believed that his methods were right and all others were wrong (Document C). In preparing the original treaty at a Conference in Paris with Britains Lloyd-George, Frances Clemenceau, and Italys Vittorio Orlando, he blundered right and left in an attempt to salvage the league. Whi le a majority Republican senate had to approve the treaty by two-thirds vote, Wilson took no Republican and no Senators to Versailles; instead, he surrounded himself with his open cronies such as Colonel House. Thus, during the course of the negotiation, France and Britain were permitted to demand reparations, carve up Germans colonies and violate many of Wilsons fourteen points in order to maintain the European Powers support for the league. Leftists also challenged the Versailles Treaty on both the grounds that Wilson had sold out a majority of his fourteen points and that th ...

General Linear Model Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

General Linear Model - Coursework Example The research question was "What factors seem to be related to whether or not a child is classified as SEN" This author hypothesised that the main factor related to whether or not a child is classified as SEN would be test scores (APS). A search of relevant scholarly literature found that other factors, particularly low social economic status, and cultural-linguistic factors has been shown to increase the proportion of students classified as SEN. The model used was a GLM log one. The two main variables from the hypothesis - APS and SEN - was completed in R 2.7.0 to model the expected relationship. Further analysis including charts and tables was done to examine the correlation between SES factors (such as being eligible for free school meals), and whether or not a child is classified as SEN. Additional work was completed to discover the relationship between whether or not a child is classified as SEN and socio-linguistic factors (Mother tonge and ethnicity). An important issue for this statistical analysis is understanding the variables and the effect of other factors (both available in the dataset and ones not contained within the dataset). Blindly plugging variables into a copied statistical model and performing an analysis based on those is of little to no practical or even theoretical use. The following two sections (2.1 and 2.2) provided some context and background research on factors affecting the mis-identification of students needing special education services. Such factors help explain why a correlation between one or more explainatory variables (i.e. test scores or school grades) and the response variable (in receipt of special education services) is not as strong as one would expect. 2.1 Low Achievement vs Learning Disabilities. One of the frequently occurring reasons why students are referred for special education services is for having a learning disability. "Learning disability (LD) is a condition characterized by the occurrence within an otherwise adequate level of intellectual functioning of one or more specific deficits in the cognitive processes that undergird learning." (Blair, C. And K. G. Scott, 2002). The diagnosis of having a learning disability has increased in the past few decades. In the United States the rate of identification and placement in special education services, has doubled between 1982 and 2002 (Lewit & Baker, 1996).Much of this increase can be attributed to the increased awareness and acceptance of this invisible disability as a real special need requiring special education services. (Formally, students were told "If only you'd apply yourself and try harder."). However, as mentioned above some of the increase in referral and identification is likely due to other, non-LD factors cau sing a mis-identification. Statistical analysis published in 2002 by Clancy Blair and Keith G. Scott "indicated that 30% of LD placements among boys and 39% of LD placements among girls were attributable to what can be considered low-SES markers." This section discusses the situation where low achievement (LA) from resulting from low social economic status (SES), results in students being misidentified as having a learning

Security proposal for college Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Security proposal for college - Coursework Example We have also demonstrated our capability to fulfill these needs. We look forward to an opportunity to discuss this proposal and answer any questions that may arise. Thank you in advance. Sierra Joint Community College Security Needs Assessment After an appraisal of the current state of your security system, Gibraltar Security Firm has identified the following as the most pressing areas that need to be addressed: 1. There is a need for an emergency security management system in the college. As of now, there is lack of properly demarcated assembly points, emergency communication systems and emergency preparedness personnel. 2. Streamlining of responsibilities in inventory is necessary in several of your departments. There is lack of traceability in the laboratory and the general stores department due to overlap of duties and lack of clear restrictions as to who has access to which aspects of the department. This creates a possibility of pilferage that may be untraceable. 3. The distrib ution of security lights within the college needs to be addressed. Whereas some sections of the college are well lit including the administration blocks and laboratories and lecture halls, other critical areas such as the student hostels, parking lot, the perimeter fence and infrequently used roads bear poor lighting. 4. The distribution of the existing security personnel is wanting. ... Currently, the security cameras in the college serve only the administration blocks and the finance department which leaves room for security breach in several other critical areas especially while appreciating the fact that the college is considerably sizeable and filled with infrastructure and facilities. 6. The library is in need of a modernized security system. Currently, security personnel bear the responsibility of ensuring that only borrowed material gets out of the library. Through a complete overhaul and implementing barcodes on books and detectors at the library entrance, library resources will be secured adequately. 7. There is need for an intrusion detection system serving the most critical areas of the college. Whereas the perimeter and internal fences are in a good state, there is always a possibility that they may be breached. Hence, areas such as the administration block, finance, laboratories and stores departments are in need of intrusion detection devices. Out of t his analysis, the threat probability ranking for your college is 2 (1: Frequent, 2: Probable, 3: Occasional, 4: Remote, 5: Improbable). Thus, there is a clear and urgent need to address these issues and implement a proper security system at Sierra Joint Community College Security. Proposed Action Plan The goal of the proposed action plan is to improve the probability ranking of the college to 4. The objectives that will guide the proposed plan towards the set goal are as follows: 1. To provide a security system that assures all members of the Sierra Joint Community College Security community a sense of security. 2. To establish a system composed of security personnel integrated appropriately in the overall operation to maximize

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Education - Essay Example The American government has put in place a body that sees to it that before a school is mandated to operate; whether as a private or public school, the school undergoes certain assessment process to ensure that it meets laid down criteria and standard. This assessment process is known as accreditation. Accreditation is important in ensuring that the freedom given to people to start schools is not abused and that parents and guardians get value for the money they spend in educating their wards. One area that the issuance of accreditation has become most popular and gained a lot of public attention is at the higher education level in the US. Higher Education System in US There are several types of higher education institutions in the United States. Some of these include: Research Universities, Doctorate-Granting Universities, Master's (Comprehensive) Universities and Colleges, Baccalaureate (Liberal Arts) Colleges, Associate of Arts Colleges, Professional Schools, Specialized Instituti ons, Postsecondary Vocational and Technical Schools. According to the U.S. Network for Education Information (USNEI), Washington (2001), â€Å"current data indicate that there are some 2,819 institutions offering a Bachelor's or higher degree; 2,657 institutions offering at least an associate's degree but less than a bachelor's degree; and 4,927 institutions offering shorter non-degree programmes of less than two years duration.† These schools offer educational credentials such as High School Diploma, Associate Degree, Certificate, Bachelor's Degree, Diploma, Education Specialist, First Professional Degree, Post-Bachelor's Diploma, Master's Degree, Certificate of Advanced Study and Doctorate. Thelin, J.R., Edwards, J.R & Moyen, E (2011) see the higher education system to be just more than a set of institutions that impart knowledge. To them, higher education in the United States is an established ‘knowledge industry’ that represents about 3 percent of the gross n ational product. To this effect, they claim that â€Å"virtually every governor and legislature across the nation evokes colleges and universities as critical to a state's economic and cultural development.† It is for the sake of this important role that higher education plays to the United States that it is important to ensure that products that are produced by higher education institutions are products worth the ‘market force’. Accreditation Agencies for Higher Education Accreditation of schools in the United States dates back to the 1800s. According to the Accrediting Council for Independent Schools and Colleges, ACICS (2011), â€Å"The first regional accrediting agencies formed in the 1880s with particular focus on educational standards and admissions procedures.† The agencies kept changing till in 1996, the Council for Higher Education Accreditation took over accreditation in the United States to oversee the works of accreditation agencies like ACICS and other public and private accreditation agencies. The Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA) is generally responsible for accreditation of higher education

Peer Editing Assignment Essay Example for Free

Peer Editing Assignment Essay The world we live in today is troubled one. The contradiction people face is that while some people sit in the lap of luxury and drive hundred thousand dollar cars there are others who are forced to take the bus to work. There are individuals who cannot afford healthcare who are generally those getting sick on a continual basis. There are definitely some aspects of our daily living that simply can’t be changed, but there is always room for change and it is apparent that this change is in demand. There are large populations of people in the world who die every year from health related problems, than those involved in violent deaths. Diseases like cancer and heart attacks are the number one global killers. A cure for genetic diseases through genetic research are quite possibly the answers to a world of questions. It is important to realize that genetics is one of the broadest subjects as it covers a plethora of areas such as disease, disability, geographical relations, ethic ramifications and ancestry to name a few. The answers to the variety of genetic malfunctions and other questions lie in the group of scientists and genetic engineers who explore the symptoms, as well as the cures, for so many ailments in the final goal of living in a disease free world where fear of death by an invisible killer is vastly unknown as â€Å"bioengineering is a field with such staggering potential for good† (Parker 68). The purpose of this essay is to shed light on some of the more unknown aspects of this area of research through the exploration of the history of genetics, what our current needs are and work that is currently being done, along with where genetics focuses toward the future of genetic technology in an attempt to prove that genetic research is essential to our society. Genetics is not a new area of research but has been around long before research into DNA ever began. When the creation of the first cells through the adaptation of cell mutation, genetic mixing can be traced back to the time of the dinosaur. One of the most obvious animals to win the fight in genetics is the giraffe. When you look at a giraffe and its long neck, it is important to realize that at one time, the giraffe was thought to have looked more like a horse. Both animals have similar bone structure even down to the hooves. But, as time went on and trees first sprouted along the landscape it was easy for the giraffe to get fed as the food source, at the time, was at eye level and close to the ground; then, as trees got taller over the centuries the giraffe needed to adapt in order to survive. Giraffes would therefore spend much of their energy stretching their necks toward the sky in order to reach the branches of the trees thus forcing a genetic mutation. As their bones and muscles stretched so did the size of their offspring thus leading to the birth of giraffes that were born with longer necks. Over the centuries these animals have grown to have the longest neck relative to their size. The brontosaurus may have evolved in a similar fashion but all life was brought to a screeching halt when the dinosaurs were extinct. As we have become a more civilized society and exploring science we have discovered the existence of genetics. Modern genetics has always known for a long time that was some blueprint that all animals of similar species have in common. The first documentation of genetics was centuries ago when a scientist experimenting with plants desired certain effects which were documented through the affects of different plants with others by mixing the seeds. This is also the first known documentation of gene splicing. Scientists interested in genetics as well as an amateur botanist, had developed ways of predicting the offspring given the dominant and recessive traits of the donor parents in a system called a Punnett Square. Since that time we have come a great distance, but the science was still primitive until some scientists discovered and laid the foundation of entire science. With discovery of the Double Helix, the structure of DNA by Watson and Crick the world was changed forever. James D. Watson was born and raised in Chicago, Illinois and was accepted to the University of Chicago at the age of 15 where he completed his Bachelor’s in Zoology, then continued on to the University of Indiana and received his PhD in 1950 in Zoology. Shortly after starting at Cambridge, Watson met Crick who shared his passion for the DNA structure mystery. In March, 1953 with a higher appreciation of the nucleic acid literature, his work resulted in the proposal and discovery of the double-helical configuration and publishing several papers on the topic. Watson and Crick worked on discovering the construction of DNA after several failed trial and error attempts, they succeeded and on February 28, 1953. Looking ahead, in 1992, Watson left to work for the Cold Springs Harbor Research Facility where he is currently sitting as President. The momentous discovery of DNA has created entire industries which has impacted mankind tremendously. Rewarded for their hard work in 1962 Watson, Crick, and Wilkins shared the Noble Prize in Medicine. The human body is an amazing structure with many cells all containing DNA strands with literally millions of strands of DNA making up the human body. More than fifty years after its initial discovery, the entire code has still not been deciphered; if you were to print the code in books and try to read it you would not be able to finish it in your lifetime. In the last several years research and development of genetic engineering has evolved ten times over. It is only recently that we have been able to prove some of Einstein’s theories this long after his death and I fear it will be many more before genetics and its possibilities is truly understood. Genetics in the last several years has gone into dangerous territories with studies in gene splicing and stem cell testing. Stem Cells are the most basic form of human life. Cells taken from ertilized embryos are cells that have not been assigned a specific task yet and whether they are to be heart cells, skin cells, or even hair cells. It is the hope of scientists that with stem cells can improve the quality of life through curing cancer and many other life ending and life changing diseases. Through the engineering of stem cells it is hoped that they can replace dead and damaged cells, for example, in someone’s legs thus helping them to walk again. Last year the boldest operation to date took place which saw stem cells help create and repair the diseased heart of a man. The stem cells replaced cells ravaged by disease removed by the doctors. This procedure, however, did come at a cost. The current government feels that using stem cells is unethical as they are life and harvesting the cells from embryos thus in turn killing them is not right. This all really needs to be taken into context and look at the balance scale; in one hand a father, husband, friend, coworker who never asked for a thing in his life except for the love of his family, and in the other, a cell that nobody knows and may not even make it to birth. The logical choice would be to look at the man as the gauging factor in saving his life. With the current policy and laws in place by our current conservative government would see the man who would choose to have a hospital in France perform a heart transplant harvested through stem cell growth instead of on his native soil and now that he has an illegally grown heart he can never set foot in America again or face the possibility of prosecution. When most people are faced with this type of choice, most wouldn’t want to live in a country that denies this possibility. Besides, our constitution states that â€Å"all men [women and child] are guaranteed life liberty and the pursuit of happiness†; (United States Constitution) but perhaps only when it is convenient. With regulation governing research it has been difficult to do studies in America thus forcing companies and scientists to seek refuge in other nations. This causes a major problem as US based companies are worried it is too high a risk to invest in and fund research of this kind. These scientists live on systematic research grants to continue their work. After these new laws were put in place only several years ago many companies went out of business because they lost funding (Technology Review 47). It is troubling that a nation founded on new ideas would ban such research but it all has to do with where the votes in congress are. Stem cell research is not all encompassing of what genetics is as the work in genetics is helping people born with disabilities. Through better understanding our bodies can better cures be found. People born with certain disabilities can usually trace these back to other members of their family. In a recent study more than 30% of mentally Ill patients in psychiatric care have heredity connections and other member of their family suffer from similar symptoms. Genetics, at its roots, is the study of possibilities: who we are and how we got here. Scientists don’t believe we just appeared like this centuries ago; we evolved, adapted and grew from a lesser species. Take a look at yourself in the mirror and you will see some of your family features; not just your parents, but your grandparents as well. For instance, I have my father’s hair and my mother’s eyes, but my grandfather’s nose as ‘we are our father’s sons’, as they say, and look as well as act like them. The use of genetics is not limited to the medical field as in recent years genetics and DNA have played a major part in law enforcement and has led to the apprehension of many criminals. While fingerprints can be smudged and unclear DNA is definitive, no two people in the world have the same DNA not even twins. Using DNA is essential to putting suspects behind bars: a hair, skin epithelials and bodily fluids all contain DNA and all can be used as evidence. Even old cases gone unsolved have been reopened using new technology to get a conviction. Some research organizations are government funded through doing research for defense and government funded programs paid for by our tax dollars. Then there is the private sector, which is the most driven. It would be of great importance to have systematic research grants and giving more of them to our scientists who are working on genetics and stem cell research. In a world where more money is spent researching breast augmentation surgery then life saving genetics, once again, he who has the gold makes the rules. More importantly, if there was as much money in curing cancer as there is spent in creating cosmetic surgery procedures and Viagra, we would have cured this disease a decade ago. Only the future will tell what is to be discovered. It is essential that we keep working to provide resources in funding, legal and administrative areas to keep the discoveries coming. Maybe soon we will not be at risk for any disease or ailments and maybe one day we’ll find a cure for the common cold but probably not in my lifetime.