autism Essay example -- essays research papers

AutismIsolated in their own worlds, people with autism appear indifferent and remote. They are normally unable to form aflame bonds with opposites. Although people with this brain disorder can display a wide range of symptoms and disabilities, many are incapable of understanding another(prenominal) peoples thoughts, feelings, and needs. Often, their language and acquaintance do not fully develop. This makes communication and social relationships difficult. Many people with autism engage in repetitive activities, like rocking or banging their heads, or bolt following familiar routines. Some of those with autism are painfully sensitive to sound, touch, sight, or smell. Children with autism do not follow the typical patterns of baby development. In whatsoever children, emerging problems can often be seen at birth. In most cases, the problems become much than noticeable as the child falls further behind other children the same age. Between 18 and 36 months old, they suddenly r eject people, act strangely, and lose language and social skills they had already learned. During the 1950s and 1960s, people with autism were isolated and some were sent away to institutions. Today, many of those with autism can attend school with other children. Methods are available to help improve their social, language, and academic skills. Even though more than 60 percent of adults with autism continue to need care throughout their lives, some programs are beginning to demonstrate that with appropriate support, they can be trained to do meaningful work and participate in the life of the community. Autism is found in both country and region of the world, and in families of all racial, ethnic, religious, and economic backgrounds. Autism affects about 1 or 2 people in every thousand and is trey to four times more common in boys than girls. Girls with the disorder, however, tend to have more severe symptoms and lower intelligence. Some people with autism display remarkable abili ties. A few demonstrate skills far out of the ordinary. At a young age, when other children are drawing straight lines and scribbling, some children with autism are able to draw detailed, realistic pictures in three-dimensional perspective. Some toddlers who are autistic are so visually skilled that they can put together complex jigsaw puzzles. Many begin to read exceptionally early - sometimes even in the first place they begin to speak.... ... of the central nervous system. 3. The individual and/or his family does the program of developmental activities at home or at a training center every day, triggering reflex responses that stimulate the development of absent or impaired neurological functions.4. Another functional neurological evaluation is taken every two to three months and the program is modified to the individual to reflect any changes or growth in neurological functions. Hopefully, the patients profile will begin to interpret the same as the normal developmental proce ss.     While it is natural for parents to hope that their child will "become normal," they should take pride in whatever strides their child does make. Many parents, looking back over the years, find their child has progressed far beyond their initial expectations. Although neurological reconstruction is effective in most cases, in that location is not enough evidence to support it fully. It is still in the development stage therefore, not many of those with autism have had the opportunity to try it. It seems to be a very promising treatment, but it will not work for all autism patients since everyones case is different.

Symbols and Symbolism - A Comparison of Nicknames in A Dolls House and Major Barbara :: comparison compare contrast essays

Symbolism of Nicknames in A Dolls House and Major Barbara The use of nicknames in literature is an crucial tool in which the author can provide insight into the poses of the characters toward each other and to provide illumination as to the nature of specific characters. Two such(prenominal) pieces of literature in which these attitudes and illumination can be evidenced are A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen and Major Barbara by Bernard Shaw. The attitudes of the characters in A Dolls House, more(prenominal) specifically Torvald Helmer and the maid Anne-Marie, toward Nora can be evidenced with the names by which she is referred. In Major Barbara, the names by which the characters call each other non nevertheless prove their personal attitudes toward each other, but also provide classical reference by which we can better understand the characters. In A Dolls House, Torvald Helmers attitude toward his wife Nora can be seen in the ways in which he refers to her. In line 11 of the first base act, we come across the first instance of Torvalds bird references to Nora with Is that my little lark twittering out there? This reference is the first of many in which Torvald refers to Nora as a lark. Often this referencing is preceded by flyspeck terms such as little and sweet, little. Torvald also refers to Nora as a squirrel, a spendthrift, a songbird, and a goose, these terms also preceded with a diminutive. The significance of this nicknaming is to show Torvalds attitude toward Nora. Torvald sees Nora as small, sweet, unobtrusive and therefore easily controlled. This position is one he would like Nora to continue to occupy. In line 257, Torvald refers to Nora as my richest treasure denoting his attitude toward her as his possession. Noras nurse, and the nurse of her children as well, Anne-Marie, shows her attitude of Nora as well. In the beginning of the second act, we find Nora in a conversation with Anne-Marie in which Anne-Marie refers to Nora as dud Nora, little Nora, and poor little Nora. It seems to everyone that Nora not only acts as a child, but is seen as one as well. It is here we realize it is not only the man being overbearing and keeping the woman in what he sees as her rightful position, but the maid also contributes to the indoctrination.

Free Julius Caesar Essays: The Role of the Mob :: Julius Caesar Essays

The Role of the Mob in Julius Caesar The most important characters of the play Julius Caesar are clearly the citizens of capital of Italy. The citizens have an important effect on both(prenominal) the audience and the characters in the play because of their unlimited desire to passionately express their emotions. Throughout the play these emotions are communicated through various events. The first event is the rejoicing of the feast of the Lupercal. It was the citizens positive reaction to Caesar during his triumphant return after his victory over the sons of Pompey that fueled the fear of caesars becoming king. The citizens opposition to Pompeys consort caused great disturbances in the streets because a short while before, Pompey was their hero. Now Caesar, victorious, is the hero of the hour. Their response also influenced the idea that Caesar was becoming too ambitious. Thus, the citizens of Rome had a use in the fate of Julius Caesar. A later example occurs during th e funeral oration by Mark Antony. Brutus logically gives his reasons that necessitated Caesars death. He informs them that he acted out of love of Rome and his desire to prevent tyrants from controlling her. The citizens embrace his words with cheers and understanding. However, their mood alters when Antony offers his interpretation of the situation. He passionately described the deeds Caesar performed in behalf of the citizens of Rome, which clearly contradict the tactile sensation of the conspirators that Caesar was too ambitious. Antony carefully uses irony in referring to Cassius and Brutus as honorable men the strategy wins over the citizens and they listen with growing anger to his words. He leads the citizens to the body and begins to launch the brutal results of the murder while simultaneously influencing them to believe that the conspirators are murderers and traitors. Ultimately, Antony reads Caesars will, which leaves his parks, private estates, and newly planted garden s to the citizens of Rome.

Material Society, Material Thoughts :: Free Essay Writer

Material Society, Material ThoughtsEver since Midas lust for gold, it appears to be that man has acquired a greed and appetite for wealth. Juana, the Priest, and the doctor have either underg ace a shift due to money. They are whole affected by their hunger for wealth and inturn are the base for their own destruction, and the destruction of society. Steinbecks The Pearl is a study of mans egotism destruction through greed. Juana, the faithful wife of Kino, a paltry peasant man, had lived a spiritual life for what had seemed like as long as she could remember. When her password Coyito fell ill from the bite of a scorpion, she eagerly turned towards the spiritual aspects of life. Beginning to pray for her sons endangered life. The doctor who had resided in the upper-class section of the town, refused to benefactor the child, turning them away when they arrived at the door. Lastly they turned to the sea to seek their fortune. When Juana set sight on the Pearl of The World. she fel t as though all her prayers had been answered, if she could have foreseen the future what she would have seen would have been a mirror image of her reality. Juanas husband was caught in a twisted realm of mirrors, and they were all shattering one by one. In the night he heard a sound so soft that it might have been simply a thought... and quickly attacked the trespasser. This is where the problems for Juana and her family began. The tutelage that had mounted in Kinos body had taken control over his actions. Soon even Juana who had always had faith in her husband, had doubted him greatly. It will destroy us all she yelled as her attempt to rid the family of the pearl had failed. Kino had not listened however, and soon Juana began to lose her spiritual side and for a long time she had bury her prayers that had at once meant so much to her. She had tried to help Kino before to much trouble had aroused, only to discover that she was not competent abundant to help. A hypocrathic oath is said before each medical student is granted a Doctors degree. In the oath they swear to aid the ill, and cure the injured. In the village of La Paz there lived a doctor who had earned his wealth by helping those that were ill and could afford his services.

Impact of Race in Othello Essay -- GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Othello

Impact of Race in Othello One of the major issues in Shakespeares Othello is the impact of the race of the main character, Othello. His skin color is non-white, usually portrayed as African although some productions portray him as an Arabian. Othello is referred to by his name only seventeen times in the play. He is referred to as The Moor fifty-eight times. Websters Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) states that a Moor is Any individual of the swarthy races of Africa or Asia which have take the Mohammedan religion. In Spanish history the terms Moo, Saracens, and Arabs are synonymous. This indicates that Othello is constantly being degraded and set up as an evil person passim the play. What this really means is that Othello is being judged by his skin color rather than the person under the skin. The view that whites and non-whites are equal is a relatively newfangled concept in our society. In institutionalized racism, such as American slavery, those of a different color were o ften viewed as inferior. As Shakespeare wrote Othello, this idea was comme il faut quite prominent as England entered the African slave trade. One can look at the racial issues from the perspective of color, slavery, and society. There are many references in the play to indicate that Othello was dark colored. The first image we, as a reader, are given of Othello is that of a black ram having sexual relations with Desdemona (1.1.89-90). posterior on in the play, there are many other references to Othellos color and race. Desdemonas father, Brabantio, is appalled to learn that his daughter is having a relationship with a sooty squeeze (2.3.27). Emilia refers to Othello as a black devil (5.2.132). Othello even calls himself black (3.3.265). Iago also... ...hello is driven mad by the force of Iagos suggestions, indicating that he is merely a dupe of another mans jealousy. Works Cited 1 Norman Sanders, ed. Othello. Cambridge New York, 1995 12. 2 C. W. Slights. Slaves and Subjects in O thello, Shakespeare Quarterly v48 Winter 1997 382. 3 C. W. Slights. 380. 4 Norman Sanders, ed. 10. 5 J. Adelman. Iagos Alter self Race as Projection in Othello, Shakespeare Quarterly v48 Summer 1997 130. 6 C. W. Slights. 388. Works Consulted Bradley, A. C.. Shakespearean Tragedy. New York Penguin, 1991. Di Yanni, Robert. Character Revealed Through Dialogue. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Literature. N. p. random House, 1986. Muir, Kenneth. Introduction. William Shakespeare Othello. New York Penguin Books, 1968.

Impact of Race in Othello Essay -- GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Othello

Impact of Race in Othello One of the major issues in Shakespeares Othello is the impact of the washing of the main character, Othello. His skin color is non-white, usually portrayed as African although some productions portray him as an Arabian. Othello is referred to by his name only seventeen measure in the play. He is referred to as The Moor fifty-eight times. Websters Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) states that a Moor is Any individual of the swarthy races of Africa or Asia which consecrate adopted the Mohammedan religion. In Spanish history the terms Moo, Saracens, and Arabs are synonymous. This indicates that Othello is constantly being degraded and set up as an evil soul throughout the play. What this really means is that Othello is being judged by his skin color rather than the person under the skin. The view that whites and non-whites are equal is a relatively new concept in our society. In institutionalized racism, such as American slavery, those of a different co lor were often viewed as inferior. As Shakespeare wrote Othello, this predilection was becoming quite prominent as England entered the African slave trade. One can look at the racial issues from the perspective of color, slavery, and society. There are galore(postnominal) references in the play to indicate that Othello was dark colored. The first image we, as a reader, are given of Othello is that of a black ram having sexual relations with Desdemona (1.1.89-90). Later on in the play, there are many other references to Othellos color and race. Desdemonas father, Brabantio, is appalled to learn that his daughter is having a relationship with a achromatic bosom (2.3.27). Emilia refers to Othello as a black devil (5.2.132). Othello even calls himself black (3.3.265). Iago also... ...hello is driven mad by the force of Iagos suggestions, indicating that he is merely a victim of another mans jealousy. Works Cited 1 Norman Sanders, ed. Othello. Cambridge New York, 1995 12. 2 C. W. Sli ghts. Slaves and Subjects in Othello, Shakespeare Quarterly v48 Winter 1997 382. 3 C. W. Slights. 380. 4 Norman Sanders, ed. 10. 5 J. Adelman. Iagos exchange Ego Race as Projection in Othello, Shakespeare Quarterly v48 Summer 1997 130. 6 C. W. Slights. 388. Works Consulted Bradley, A. C.. Shakespearean Tragedy. New York Penguin, 1991. Di Yanni, Robert. Character Revealed Through Dialogue. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. separate from Literature. N. p. Random House, 1986. Muir, Kenneth. Introduction. William Shakespeare Othello. New York Penguin Books, 1968.

Compensation – Incentive vs Bonus

A indemnity plan is one where the bonus is awarded after the detail and typically has very little or no incentive value. The employees typically come to see it as an entitlement. An incentive plan is a inconstant wage plan that is tied to some level of performance. The employee is rewarded with a makement that is predefined and non discretionary. The reward is paid when actual performance meets or exceeds predefined determinations. incentive Any form of variable payment tied to performance. The payment may be a monetary award, such as coin or equity, or a nonmonetary award, such as merchandise or travel.Incentives are contrasted with bonuses in that performance goals for incentives are predetermined. Generally nondiscretionary and weed be paid at any sentence of the year bonus An after-the-fact reward or payment (may be either discretionary or nondiscretionary) based on the performance of an individual, a group of workers operating as a unit, a division or business unit, or an entire workforce. Payments may be made in cash, shares, share options or other items of value. In the setting of gross revenue compensation, a defined, pre-established amount of money to be earned for achieving a specified performance goal.Planned bonus amounts commonly are expressed as a percent of the incumbents base salary, salary range midpoint, percentage of target cash compensation or incentive compensation, or a defined dollar amount. jut out also discretionary and nondiscretionary bonus Bonus versus Incentive What is the Difference? Here is how our Glossary defines themIncentiveAdditional pay (above and beyond the base salary or wage) awarded to an employee, such as stock options or a contingent bonus plan, that is forward looking. BonusPlans that award cash or other items of value, such as stock (or stock options), based on accomplishments achieved.While incentive plans are forward looking bonus plans are backward looking. An incentive that is dangled to entice certa in behaviors may include cash or prizes or perquisites or anything that activates the motivations of the performers. A bonus is something extra which is usually cash and is always non-guaranteed. The two terms can obviously overlap business enterprise security in unsettled times can be an incentive for some people to work harder, while a contingent bonus premised on specific outcome results can also be an incentive to achieve those objectives.Cash dropped from the sky as a surprise is largely not considered incentive pay although such bonus gifts render disproportionately strong motivational effects, because the reward was not pre-announced and thus could not entice behavior changes. Even though wienerwurst and Jim have provided excellent definitions thatdraw a distinction between the two terms, Im sure that they will agree that in that location is a lot of inconsistency in the use of those terms across business, and even across the compensation profession. Always look for the context that the terms are used in whatever you articulate or hear. Yep. Like you said, Paul. Term usages vary tremendously between enterprises, industriesand sometimes between applications. As an extreme example, when Im in meetings and someone says comp, I frequently have to confirm understanding and must ask if they are referring to * compensation (WorldAtWork) * comprehensive (municipal) * complimentary (gambing) * computation (math)Back in The Day, I spent a lot of time translating terms like these andperformancereviewand such things between disparte audiences who both meant and understood different things from the terms. In the context of sales compensation, WorldatWork defines a bonus primarily in contrast to a commission. In both cases in sales compensation, the reward is generally known in advance and offered for achieving a goal which also generally known in advance. The difference is that the commission is communicated as a piece of the action (e. g. , 2% of revenue, $ 5 per unit, 6% of margin dollars) whereas a bonus is a fixed incentive amount offered for achieving a specific objective, often with less offered for lower achievement levels and more for higher levels.Most of the time, the amount of the commission at goal (or quota) is high if the quota is higher so if one sales person has a $1M quota and another has a $1. 5M quota, then one has a target commission that is cl% that of the other. Whereas in a bonus world, the target incentive is fixed for the role (e. g. , $40k per year) and is paid for hitting quota, which may vary from one person to the next.Of course there are myriad nuances and variations, including the possibility of personal commission rates which communicate a emailprotected bonus as if it were a emailprotected commission, etc. But that gets at the affectionateness of it. All that said, I do have a current client with a business that is very weather-dependent (agrichemicals), to the extent that performance of the sales peop le can only be assessed retrospectively did they create value for the company, sell well, cement relationships with customers, and achieve solid results given the opportunities that came their way during the year?Because the business itself is so volatile, the sales persons compensation must be less incentive-rich at target than most in similar roles, and performance can only be evaluated fairly in retrospect. However, this is only noteworthy because it is so highly unusual. Wherever possible (and it usually is possible), sales people have clear financial goals with formulaic compensation opportunities tied to how well they do against those goals.

Notes on Medical Sociology

Moreover, medicine is a mixer institution of normative coercion, and medical sociology studies non only the subjective experience of wellness and illness but also the favorable, economical, and political context at heart those experiences take part. We said that medicine Is coercive since doctors forge our lives through medical treatments and conceptualizing society (for example crime and rebellious acts). Thus, we can talk about a medical regime and a medical political science (p. Xiv).Historically speaking, from the creation of medical sociology as a specific subfield of sociology (in the 1 asss), It has been focus on the study of the relation between doctor-patient with vital Importance of the sick piece (Parsons). But It must(prenominal) study beyond that relation social class, ethnicity, gender, age, demographical issues, epidemiology, globalization All these elements become relevant nowadays (p. Xvi). Chapter 8 The new medical sociology Our origination has witnessed a huge International change called globalization.It has changed social and economical relations, and also political. Health issues such as WAITS have been spread by globalization (the accession of tourism, more than flights, migration, trade So on). Globalization has integrated world health into a single, highly Interconnected system (p. 270). Thus, globalization spreads diseases (97 lion people traveled by air from the states to other countries by the randsass). Medical sociology has studied health and illness and medicine as a social institution. Also, it has created a complete frame of knowledge, but we need to make a greater emphasis In other elements wish economics, politics, rights, and citizenship, all of them key elements In the contemporary society. In a few(prenominal) words, we need a new medical sociology since we have a new medical economy, which is based on the pharmaceutical industry, insurance companies, research and development in emetics, microbiology, Informat ion science, management of life processes (reproduction, aging, death ) (p. 271). In more direct terms. He medial economy Is based on the production, reproduction, and management of the military personnel body (p. 272). The newfangled context of medicine The medical barter used to rest on political mightinesss and on the trust of the public. This statement entails the existence of a medical dictum and the existence of a consulting ethic. But these elements have changed because of the globalization (a global and corporate medical system) and the commercial potential f health and illness, changing the relations between doctors and patients.However, not always doctors have got such a great social prestige medical discoveries corresponding Immunization, or Improvement In surgery Like anesthesia, electrolyte physiology, or cardiopulmonary physiology in the 20th century, had established medicine as a FIFO clientele attenuator Ana a prestige protesters. Nevertheless, meal technology N AS move and it ruined medicines autonomy, but these technological advances entail risks and dangers for social rights (p. 273). All these things have repugnd the rust in medicine and doctors as professionals (p. 74). Any understanding of medicine in contemporary society will have to examine the economics of the corporate structure of medical practice and locate that corporate structure within a set of global processes (p. 274). The new medical economy has spread diseases and old pandemics, panicking society in specific cases like AIDS (Hollywood films have reflected that panic/fear). In this way, the new medical sociology must draw attention to citizenship and civil rights, like a clean environment, adequate food and water applies, medical services P. 275). The centralization of health and medical care has changed, as well, the model of health care. Nowadays we must study internationalist health policies, which entail vital chores because of the nations sovereignty and intern ational treatments (like the human rights). As we see, politics are really related to the new medical economy (p. 276) NP SE habit De medicine alternative, peer sit down SE llama alternative pursue hay nun dominate.Thus, the new medical economy is liked with the rise of neo-liberal policies and ideology, and hey do not suit with the social- upbeat-working-class ideology of atomic number 63, where the health is a social and public issue (centralized more or less by the state), whereas in the States health is a private-individual matter (related to philanthropy as well) (p. 277). The mod development of corporate control over medical care as contributed to the decline of professional autonomy, initiative, and social status (p. 278).Furthermore, the free-market policies has undermined the welfare state in Europe and increased more the gap between classes in the US, increasing the poverty rates and the infant mortality. Also, the changes within the medical care system have brought phys icians vista to incline since now in that location are more specialists (p. 279). The centralization of health care has also undermined the trust in doctors, since there are lots of opposite possibilities in the market (p. 279) NP SE ha period conflate en la medicine o en Los mdiscos com functionaries pblocs.Se deaconess De la technological o De la biracial. Reproductive technologies, microbiology, and genetic engineering have supposed huge changes within the medical system and the public confidence in the medical professionals. Moreover, hey have entailed a medical revolution which affects to all social rights (p. 280). This revolution is a threat to traditional institutions and religious cosmologies, but it may also challenge the processes of political governance (p. 281). Thus, the new medical sociology must take into account the concept of risk society/global risk.This notion of risk has to do with the inadvertent and unexpected results of medical research and experimentati on (p. 281). In this way, the globalization and the expansion of capitalism have introduced private business into public universities and research entrees, creating bias within the investigations and doing less critical works. Moreover, within the new system there is a big problem with the patents of drugs (p. 282). (Examples De problems con patents en ?Africa y USA pg. 283).Regulation, the professions, and scientific knowledge Globalization has intensified the dynamic relationship of risk and regulations (p. 284). Regulations and deregulating play a complex game influenced by global cog pneumatically companies Ana tenet drugs sloe erects are economy an protected, in many cases, by federal laws and federal agencies in the States. Some drugs constitute a whole lifestyle, like Approach or Pixel. The sociology of health and illness must study the measures of controlling these risks and the social agents that can make it possible either the state or medical profession (p. 286).In the s ass Parsons published The Social System, developing the concept of the sick role, and the notion of medical profession as a completely autonomous profession capable of manage its business and make a beneficial contribution to the medical academy. Moreover, he verbalise the existence and need of a medical power which consists in a deiced regime that must be accepted by the patient in order to return to a normal/ healthy state (since nausea is a kind of deviance). However, medical profession has proved that it is not so autonomous and it depends in these days on economical powers and financial relations (p. 86). In Britain, successive governments have tried to create medical markets in order to create medical competence (and they were successful as well as the changes within education system). The professions are disappearing, the professions are not and cannot be effective regulatory devices in a global-risk society (p. 288). The risk society has complex socioeconomic relations, th us, governments need specialised and expert opinions. But the scientific knowledge is profoundly linked with political issues and ideology.In many cases the chosen option attends more to political matters rather than health and welfare issues (p. 289). Furthermore, the scientific knowledge itself has become more complex and expertise do not always agree to each other. Also, the time is a vital problem for health policies and the management of risks. Drug tests and medical experiments need long periods of time, and this influences on the policies and on the economical/financial relations between companies, states, and universities (p. 290). Moreover, there are incorrupt problems with organ transplants and cloning (p. 91). Technology, law, and the body The new medical sociology has to take into account international and national law since globalization creates new unregulated risks that must be regulated (like cloning, reproductive technologies, or organ transplants). These laws have to constraint the bad unintended results of medical experimentation and investigation. Since neo-liberal ideas claim for a free market, the regulation of drugs and reattempts (of human rights) must be carried out by government and policies.Nevertheless, some authors think that those advances are going to be abided to capitalist economy, however, as Max Weber stated even the capitalist system needs a legal framework in order to work and legitimate its dynamic (p. 292). Thus, medical corporations involve a free market in order to get more benefits albeit they need some kind of law to protect themselves and their products (p. 293). Medical citizenship The new medical sociology does not have to construct a concept of citizenship according to moral values (like human rights), since it is a positive science.Instead of that, sociology has treated citizenship in social terms, and I has acknowledge the central importance of health and medical technologies in the political struggle these d ays (p. 293). Thus, health is considered as a social right, but there is scarcity since our expectations (baby boomers expectations above all) are much more higher than the actual capacity of medicine for providing treatments and solutions. Furthermore, tenure Is a Dalliance Detente get economical Detentes Ana get inanely Testicles (p. 294). Neo-liberal policies increase social inequalities and damaged social solidarity.Thus, social citizenship would be a good political response to bring up social Justice to our consumer culture. Since there is scarcity both social capital and social status play vital roles to maintain a healthy lifestyle, and this type of lifestyle is socially lovable since it is embedded in our consumer culture (probably because of capitalism but also because of the neo-conservative ideas you fight against scarcity and the high budgets = they passed the responsibility to individuals), and this is vital because nowadays there are more chronic diseases which need l ong-term social resources (p. 295 and 296).Thus, medical demands are (and will keep being) central in political campaigns, and social citizenship institutions would protect individuals from capitalist free-market. This authority that sociology has to take into account this new political dimension very related to rights, freedoms, liberties, medicine, welfare (which is not the same as medicine), moral boundaries (p. 297). Moreover, the new medical sociology has to face the changes occurred within democracy. Since we live in a globalizes world, the boundaries of social rights have changed, as well as the concept of citizenship is more complex.Are outsiders subject o be medically treated? (p. 299). On the other hand, the new medical sociology must pay attention to the situation of women, since we live in a post-forbids society which keep the patriarchy as main element of gender dominance (p. 301). Equality and health We need to distinguish between morbidity rates and mortality rates since they steer us changes over time (p. 302). Age, gender, ethnicity, class have to do with those health inequalities (p. 303). Cambiums en lass unfermented (important) en la paging 304. Neoconservatives and economic deregulation Keynesian era has ended and deregulation are common since the Cold War.The idea is to avoid free riders and let the market be free of political constraints. The public sector, thus, is transferring competences to the private sector, to individuals, and to charity and philanthropy. This entails a change in the very notion of social citizenship created by the welfare states (p. 307). Moreover, neoconservatives encourages the voluntary sector not because they want to create an active citizenship, but because it would decrease the public expenditure and he welfare services = public cost (p. 309). Conclusion globalization, citizenship, and social capitalNeoconservatives is dangerous for individuals health, for social cohesion (social capital) and for social rights since it diminishes governments authority (p. 310). Contemporary West is tied up to serve to market logic and economical rationalism (p. 311). The new medical sociology must explain those asymmetrical relations and connect our personal problems with the global social structure (as Wright Mills said) (p. 312). Sociologists have the moral role to illuminate and criticize the social problems of the period in which he or she lives (p. 312). Personal experiences are linked with bigger structures (p. 313).

Critical analysis of Song of Solomon Essay

Song of Solomon, Toni Morrisons third Novel was published in 1977 and it ascertained her as a key American seed given that, aft(prenominal) its publication, it turned out to be a dress hatseller and drew honor from critics as healthful as readers. The narrative has been particularly admired for the exquisiteness of its spoken language as well as its foundation of international themes in the distinctiveness of the experience of the Afro-American, not to forget its utilization of folklore. (Morrison 34) The narrative is based on an African-American fairy tale concerning slaves who be able to fly back to Africa once they decide.The author fictionalizes this fairy tale through the traits of Solomon who is the great-grandfather of the storys central character, Milkman Dead. through Milkmans discovery of Solomons story and his capability to fly, he learns to be proud of his ancestry as well as valuing his connections to community and family unit. The book won the National Book crit ics Circle Award for fiction in the year 1977 and is currently extensively taught and emerged once more on best-seller lists after Oprah Winfrey chose it so that it could be included in her book club.The book has being loved by readers for a period of more than two decades and it is still deemed whizz of Toni Morrisons roughly excellent books. What touched me most after reading Toni Morrisons book are the biblical references (Morrison 51& 52) The author keeps making biblical references from both the nonagenarian testament as well as the New Testament which are quite useful in bringing out the overall themes, characters as well as in construction up the plot of the novel.To start with, the author gives her book the title Song of Solomon which is a reference taken from the Old Testaments Song of Solomon or rather Song of Songs, or Canticles which is basically on love and relationships and is interpreted in some customs as a figurative demonstration of the relationship of Israel an d God as wife and husband where the principal characters of the song are a man and a woman and the poetry offers progress commencing courtship to consummation.In Morrisons narrative, Solomon, Milkman deads great-grandfather finds out the tale of Solomon and his capability to fly which makes him to be delighted of his heritage and to value associate to family and community. (Furman & Morrison 142) Song of Solomon commences with Robert Smiths flight from the roof of Mercy hospital. Smith emerges on the flush of the hospital with two handcrafted arms on his backside and jumps from the top of the hospital to the shock and amazement of many.Because of him making an attempt to fly, Ruth Foster dead is able to give birth inside the hospice instead of on its stepladder given that during this moment in time, Negro women are not permitted to deliver in the hospital because of segregation which makes Macon Dead turn out to be the first Negro infant to be delivered in Mercy Hospital. (Furman & Morrison 198) Morrison makes biblical inferences in naming his characters which helps in bringing out their personalities. Corinthians Dead, Milkman and Lenas father is called Macon Dead and is the proprietor of apartments and houses.Dead thinks owning property enables one to own oneself, as well as others in like manner. Together with Pilate, Macon grew up in Lincolns Heaven, a farm in Pennsylvania. At the age of sixteen, he watches his father murdered by whites who desire the familys land. Macon and Pilate are sheltered by Circle, a maid and midwife who houses them in vacant quarters of the Butler house. They then escape from the Butler place and hide in a cave for the night where they meet a white man whom Macon kills. (Furman & Morrison 231)Macon Milkman dead IIIs mother breastfeeds him for far too long until he is so tall and his feet are touching the floor which makes him swiftly gain the reputation for being a mummys male child which is a direct contrast to Guitar, his b est fri set aside. Milkman has two babes, Magdalene named Lena and showtime Corinthians. The daughters of the family unit are given names by placing a pin inside the password while the males are called after their father. Macon Deads name was the outcome of an administrative fault when Milkmans grandfather had to list following the end of slavery.(Morrison 121) Pilate, Macon Dead Jr. s sister, is identified as fostering an Earth Mother type of personality. Given that he was born lacking a navel, she is rather a mystic character and it is mightily implied that she is Divine i. e. she is a female Christ and that her name is ironical. Macon has not had a word to his sister for years and did not feel greatly of her. She, just like Macon, has had to fend for herself starting from an early age, although she has to deal with her history in a different manner.Reba is her one and only daughter. She also has one granddaughter by the name Hagar who is very much in love with Milkman, and is n ot able to deal with rejection. Milkmans erstwhile best friend, Guitar, attempts to murder him after he mistakenly believes Milkman of deceiving him out of concealed gold. Toni Morrisons narrative comes to an end on a touching and uncertain note after Milkman finally discovers to fly after deciding to confront Guitar. (Furman & Morrison 265)In conclusion, it can be said that Toni Morrison makes use of biblical references in his narrative from time to time. This is pictured from the numerous biblical references taken from both the Old Testament and the New Testament which help in building up the overall plot of the narrative, building up the characters personalities as well as in bringing out the overall themes of the narrative. Eminently, Toni Morrison makes various biblical references through some of the characters names.For instance, Ruth, Dead, First Corinthians, Pilate, Heaven, Guitar, Magdalene named Lena, Lincolns Heaven, maid, bible, divine, Christ, mid wife among others. In addition, the author makes use of other biblical references like Mercy i. e. Mercy hospital, the ability to fly by bearing wings like the Angels key references. Works Cited Furman, Jan & Morrison, Toni. Toni Morrisons Song of Solomon a casebook. Oxford University Press US, 2003. ISBN 0195146352, 9780195146356 276 pages Morrison, Toni. Song of Solomon. Vintage International, 2004. ISBN 140003342X, 9781400033423. 337 pages

The Marvels of Intellect and Creativity

Several ideas and images sprang to our mind when the name da Vinci da Vinci is menti integrityd. Most people associate it with famous artworks such as Mona Lisa and The Last Supper while some equate the name to the scho give wayic concept of the metempsychosis man. Numerous accounts demonstrated da Vincis contribution in the range of humanities and sciences, thus his name become an archetype of a genius. He fascinated the world with his advanced ideas and creative imaginations moreover, he provided his successors with fellowship and guidelines through his discoveries and achievements. finished his intellect and creativity, da Vinci da Vinci portrayed a significant role in the evolution of modern civilizations.Leonardo da Vinci was born at the permeate of the Renaissance period. The 14th to 16th century was an kindle borderline of the Dark Ages and the Enlightenment Period that inspired Leonardos curiosity and observation. The Italian ships company in his youth was characteriz ed by people with enthusiastic interest in learning and humanitarianism. The concept of humanism during the Renaissance was described by Alfred Burns as the growing egotism-awareness expressed in new styles in art and architecture and in the search for the vanishing intellectual treasures of an idealized classical age (197).The promotion of humanism and self-awareness brought questions and disagreement in various aspects of society. On the other hand, the pursuance for art and architecture was supported and financed by art patrons, thus ingenious artists were accept during the Italian Renaissance. One of the recognized advocates of art during the Italian Renaissance was Lorenzo de Medici, who became famous for making Florence a community of pleasure (Taylor 25).Leonardos interest in the arts was favored by his time for he was given the opportunity to work with the greatest artists of his era. He worked as an apprentice for Verrocchio and later on he was admitted to be a part of t he Guild of Painters (Brown and Rankin 212). His early artworks were commissioned by patrons belonging to unearthly groups therefore, it basically consisted of religious icons and commemorative art pieces.The early part of Leonardos professional life was spent in Milan, where he worked in the court of Ludovico, duke of Milan. There, he gained extensive experiences and technical skills in designing for the courts lavish events and occasions. Rachel Taylor used to describe that when the wave of Renaissance was crescent in Italy, the indicants were five Florence, Naples, Venice, Rome and Milan all jealous and splendid (99). Therefore the citys excellence also marked Leonardos preeminence.During his stay in the court of the duke, he documented his learning and experiences in the field of architecture and engineering by compiling writings and detailed drawings of his designs and ideas. The so-called compilations, which are also referred to as the notebooks and manuscripts, reflected his inquisitive attitude towards the governing principles of matter and companionship. Aside from Leonardos court duties, two of his significant art pieces, the Horse and the Last Supper, were also completed during his stay in the court of Milan.At the fall of the Dukes power over Milan, Leonardo found his way back to Florence. Not long after this, he worked for Cesare Borgia, a political figure in Italy, as a military architect and engineer (Brown and Rankin 212). Taylor suggested in her book that Cesares policies implicated death and violence (350), thus Leonardo considered his return to Florence to work for other patrons. Upon his arrival, he was commissioned to paint the Battle of Anghiari and later on he started working on the famous Mona Lisa.Subsequently, he again visited Milan to work for the French king and correspond to Brown and Rankin, it was a period when he influenced Milanese painting even more than during his early residence there (212). He moved to Rome and stayed in the Vatican to work for the Pope and later on, he spent his time traveling to various places in Italy. He settled in France, where he spent his last days attended by loving friends and at peace, in his chateau of Cloux, near Amboise (Brown and Rankin 212).The grandeur of Leonardos time witnessed the complex transition of the Western civilization. The touch sensation of enlightenment favored and nurtured the formation of Leonardos genius, and in return, he endorsed the acknowledgement for mans potential and power of reason. Various fields of knowledge that benefited from his achievements would include the realms of art, engineering, architecture, mathematics, physics, optics, human anatomy, ornithology and aerodynamics.The Renaissance and its distinguished figures changed and influenced the culture that was formed and influenced by the ancient Greeks and Romans. The societys classic approach of simply approving or rejecting developing doctrines and customs evolved into a moderni stic method that involved analysis and critical thinking.The Enlightenment Period, unneurotic with the fame of Humanism, paved the way to scientific revolution. The intellectual reclamation is considered as one of the significant events in our history for it influenced and provoked the general mind to be more and more preoccupied with the larger problems beyond, which the new knowledge has brought fully into view (Kidd 1). The transformation was a progressive step to a higher form of learning that encompassed the political, social, economic and religious principles of Western civilization.The propagation of self awareness and modern thinking brought positive and negative changes in the economic and social aspects of the Western civilization. The recognition of artists and notable scholars, as depicted by the fame of Leonardo da Vinci, influenced the flow of trade and commerce. In European countries like Italy, cities such as Florence, Milan and Naples flourished. On the other hand, the method of tax collection was implemented to negociate the increase in trade goods.Movements that aimed for learning and education produced interesting theories and assumptions that motivated mans quest for truth and expansion of his horizons. The Age of Enlightenment recognized critical thinkers who became famous for contemplating and debating about avant-garde ideas (Hudson 21). Scholars and critical thinkers guided and initiated modern discoveries, inventions and innovations that improved the economy of the Western world.Moreover, political and religious controversies also emerged at the advent of scientific and critical thinking. In Europe, several ranks of power emerged in the form of monarchs, spiritual leaders, merchants and tradesmen, scholars and artisans. The period of enlightenment and the succeeding years depicted a wholesale portrayal of political and religious reformation.The concept of religion was separated from politics because of the humanist principle, which differentiate the distinct boundary in the midst of human and divine control. human-centered beliefs and principles intensified but were not universally accepted therefore it was attacked by counter-arguments that justify the role of idealistic and religious attitudes towards politics. These contrasting views and beliefs about politics and its religious connections were highlighted in the works and theories of several Renaissance philosophers.The Age of Enlightenment introduced several Renaissance Men, who individually imparted significant marvels of intellect and creativity. And as stated by William Hudson, it was as if their lives opened itself out to them in all its vast and varied possibilities and they were eager to enter into their great heritage (7).There are several names from the Renaissance Age that surfaced in the course of evolution and transition of the Western civilization, but the fame of Leonardo da Vinci soared higher than the other for he exhibited exceptional q ualities and eccentric fancies. The interesting and unique fusion of excellence in two exclusive areas of knowledge the arts and sciences, was depicted by his accomplishments as a rational scientist and mystical artist.Leonardos paintings and art contributions were highly popular but it is interesting to note that there only remain six of his authentic paintings, and two of them were unfinished (qtd. in Brown and Rankin 211). His study of perspective, examination of proportion and analysis of light and shade were fundamentals of innovative and modern arts. Sketches and details of his fascinating interests were accounted in several of his notebooks entrusted at various European libraries and museums. Some of his notes reflected the complex and controversial topic of dissection, which enlightened basic issues concerning human anatomy.He declared various assertions in human proportion, one of these was his citation that the span of a mans outstretched arms is also equal to his height (qtd in MacCurdy 217). He delved into unacceptable domains of his time by studying human cadavers in order to understand the unknown moreover, his philosophy and skepticism reflected the rise of scientific thinking from the unexplained. Scientific observations of his surroundings were recorded together with his theoretical assertions and it anchored the essentials for the study of Botany and Geology. His technical experiences in the field of engineering and physics, together with the application of scientific principles contributed to the development of Western technology.Some of these contributions included his experiences in building war engines, works specializing with hydraulics, and discoveries of possible energy sources. He also provided avant-garde theories in mathematics that foretell the discoveries of modern researchers (Brown and Rankin 211). Leonardo portrayed in his manuscripts an intense fervor for aviation, which was primarily influenced by apparent observation of bir ds.He documented several notes containing his interest with flight and he called it the Treatise on Birds (qtd. in MacCurdy 211), which he divided into four parts. He continued on studying birds consequently influencing the birth of Ornithology and at the same time, he persisted on propagating ideas about the flying railroad car thus providing rough beginnings for Aerodynamics.The quest for knowledge in a creative approach delineates Leonardo da Vinci in a civilization situated between the borderline of savagery and enlightenment. His accomplishments in understanding and in attempting to understand the unknown through scientific approach enhanced the basic political and cultural principles influencing a society. His triumph was earned through the synthesis of intellect and creativity, which encompassed the multiplicity of human civilization.Works CitedBrown, Alice V., and William Rankin. A Short History of Italian Painting. London J.M. Dent & Sons, 1914.Burns, Alfred. The exponen t of the Written Word The Role of Literacy in the History of Western Civilization. fresh York Peter Lang, 1989.Hudson, William H. The Story of Renaissance. London Casell, 1912.Kidd, Benjamin. The Principles of Western Civilization. New York Macmillan Company, 1902.MacCurdy, Edward. The Notebooks of Leonardo Da Vinci (Volume 1). New York Reynal & Hitchcock, 1938.Taylor, Rachel A. Leonardo the Florentine A Study in Personality. London Richards Press, 1927.

Apple, IT and. The Specter of Sweatshop Labor Essay

orchard apple tree INC orchard apple tree Company has been in business for more than 40 years designing, manufacturing and marketplace mobile communication and media devices and portable digital euphony players (Hitchcock, 2011). orchard apple tree markets a number of softw be and a number of net work outing solutions. apple is the definition of new and modern technology. They deal with a range products from music player IPad, mobile devices IPhone computers Mac, television and business and personalized software. Their products are distinctive and mostly preferred by an wonderful number of customers. Their market base extends globally. apple products are unique and are identified with their brand name and a picture of an apple fruit. Apple offers dungeon for their products that operate on their internally knowing software. Their products are well equipped with modern technology and designed to meet clients expectations and needs. In the modern world, technology dictate s our day to day lives. A few decades ago, mobile phones were owned by specific few and mostly used for business. Today mobile phones are used for some(prenominal) personal and business activities. Phones are a sense of direction, communication and a friend to humanity. Apple products have a distinctive nature and a separate class not owned by many. IPhone, a product of Apple, is a phone preferred by many abroad and locally. The nature of the phone is designed to operate and meets people daily needs. iPhone is beautifully made mobile device that combines a number of functions. iPhone functions as a communication platform, a digital music player and for internet communication. iPhone features range from communication platform, the internet net work platform, and entertainment. iPhone has a multi- correspond user interface, web browsing, PC based email platform and is interconnected with other window based computers. iPhone serves as an entertainment platform, integrated with iT unes libraries where one can download music, video clips, software and other application. The phone has different versions with unlike and advanced technology ranging from iPhone 1 to the recent Apple design iPhone 5 the latest version of iPhone. Apple offers support when it comes to iPhone with their online accessories compatible with thephone. The phone is a odd piece and appealing to the eye. Another distinctive product of Apple is the iPad. IPad is a product characterized by entertainment and internet communication. Some of the features of iPad include music player, a platform for downloading music, video clips and software, web browsing and an email platform. Just like iPhone, iPad is also compatible with window based computers and also Mac range of computers products of Apple. Ipad has touch user interface and ability to download music, photos, and video clips. Ipad enables people to connect with their applications in more friendly way. The device is both used for running personal errands and business activities. The friendliness of the device enables people of all age ease in using the device. Children prefer ipad since its compatibility with different variety of games, online and offline. Ipad has different versions with their latest fourth-generation iPad mini. Apple products have distinctive nature of the I before their products is their original trademark and other features not found in many related technological devices, a beautiful structure friendly to humanity with their portability feature and remarkable service constituted with support system by the Company. The two key external factors affecting Apple Company are increasing completion from companies offering mobile, computer, tablets and television devices and international levelheaded disputes. For many years, Apple has been the draw outing(a) innovator when it comes to technological devices followed about with their leading competitors. Microsoft has been the leading compe titor of Apple for many years and set up their devices accordingly. Microsoft, the designers of widows based platforms, are the biggest rivals Apple when it comes to computers and tablets applications. Microsoft latest design of Windows 8 is progressively threatening Apple domination of tablets application. Windows 8 comes with a designed app store a feature which was only unmistakable in Apple line of tablets. This hearty completion for Apple and might turn out to be a catastrophe for Apple connection. Widows app store offer varieties that are bad for business for Apple INC. Windows phones were also a big competition for Apple Company but recently Google has set up and surpassed widows. Google Android operating systems and Android line of phones are now the main competitors for Apple iPhone and operating systems. The market base for Android products is threatening Apple market base for iPhones and operating systems. Google recent development, of purchasing Motorola, is a bi g problem for Apple because of Google huge manufacturer of mobile devices. Another development of Google threatening Apple is their new design of home theater systems of Televisions partnering with Sony and Samsung Companies. The minute of arc critical external factor affecting Apple Company is continued international legal disputes around the world. Apple being the leading innovators for their line of products makes them be the hunted and not the hunters. One of their going international legal disputes is the ongoing co-wireless licensing patent lawsuit. Co-wireless licensing patent an ally of Microsoft is suing Apple for wireless patents. If the lawsuit were to go through, this would be a huge blow for Apple since most of their products operate on a wireless network. Apple is also facing another international legal dispute following claims that Apple purchased iPad trademark illegally. With their distinctive feature of their products starting with an i, this lawsuit could turn out to be a catastrophe for the company disrupting the flow of Apple tablet market share. These legal disputes are bad for business for the Apple Company and if they were to go through it could mark the end of the leading innovators Apple INC. Stakeholders in an administration include customers, employees, the entire community, suppliers and the business partners. Customers and the community are the key stakeholders in the success of an organization. Satisfied customers and the whole community lead to real business. Primary stakeholders affect an organization mostly financially. Primary stakeholders include shareholders, employees, and suppliers. Primary stakeholders contribute to an organizations environmental risks that impact negatively on financial performance of an organization. For example, the lawsuit affecting Apple INC, are environmental risks facing the company as a result of the Companys direction decisions and employees contributions. Managing risks ar e also caused by executives of the company whole and poorly having in my mind that stakeholders are on their side contributing to financial problems. Management of an organization are the building blocks of a company and how they operate or run business affect the firm directly and reflect on the finances of the Company. Apple Company operates under a strict management and a no-nonsense leader. Inadequate participation of employees may contribute to poor financial performances. Pressure from the employees is evident on how a firm performs (Henriques and Sadorsky, 2007). Steve Jobs exact pressure on his employees and many consider him a tough leader as Apple continues to record salary in their financial reports. Another factor that affects financial performance of an organization is the structure and working of an organization. Apples leadership under Steve Jobs who was very strict when it comes to the Companys performance and does not take any incompetence from the employee s lightly. Apple Company has a well-structured supply chain management that coordinates its suppliers, the operations of the organization and the customers. This coordination by Apple and its business partners ensures smooth operations in the Company eliminating possibility of registering loses. Labor practices are a controversial corporate social responsibility concern associated with Apple. Apple has been accused of overworking its employees following recent speculations from two supplier shops in China known as Foxconn and Inventec. Media recorded that workers in these Companies are forced to work long hours and are underpaid. In addition, they are forced to live on the premises of these Companies where they have to pay rent and other expenses from the little they earn from the Company. This has raised debates over Chinese labor regulations and whether it is entirely Apples fault of Foxconn fault. Apple continues to defend their reputation by claims that they uphold acceptab le working standards (Ericka, 2008).ReferencesMorphy, Ericka (January 31, 2008), Apple, IT and. The tad of Sweatshop Labor, Mac New WorldChristina Hitchcock, (Oct,11,2011). Apple, Inc. Mission Statement, Business Description, and (n.d.). Retrieved from http//christinaahitchcock.com/?p=102Brayden King (Mar, 4, 2013).Managing the Reputational and Market Risks of Social Activism Retrieved fromhttp//insight.kellogg.northwestern.edu/article/managing_the_reputational_and_market_risks_of_social_activism/Peter, muller. (Apr 8, 2012). External Factors. affecting AppleInc Retrieved fromwww.youtube.com/watch?v=2sOdHonN8jQ seminal fluid document

Poetry Analysis: “Batter My Heart, Three-Personed God, For You” Essay

John Donnes Batter My Heart, Three-Personed God, For You is an Italian sonnet written in iambic pentameter. The poem is about a man who is desperately pleading with his God to change him. He flavors imprisoned by his own fi completeish nature and describes himself as betrothed to the Enemy of God, namely Satan. The speaker has a truly passionate longing to be absolutely constant to his God, but at the same magazine is rendered hopeless by the candor that he cannot possibly achieve this on his own. In incident, he would have to be captured and completely make anew to ever find such faith.The entire poem is driven by this desperate longing for renewal. The speaker seems to start with a request that illustrates his hopelessness simply because of its harshness. (He requests to have his heart battered.-ln 1) As he continues in prayer, the character becomes more distraught. He explains his feelings of total protagonistlessness in the simile found in line five, where he comp ares hi mself to an usurped town. By line eleven he has professed his deep-rooted love for his God and his certainness that he will never be faithful to this love unless he is torn and broken and then made new.In each breath released or word murmured by this character, the reader is perfectly aware that he is at the last of any strength he may have previously had. The speaker is quite aware that he is powerless on his own. He holds nothing back in this cry to his God for help, but instead is completely humbled by his sin. The words are full of a desperate longing to finally have a true, purely faithful love for his God. This desperation drives the entire poem from the very first word to the last.The chief(a) technical device in this poem is the use of contradicting ideas, or paradoxes. The speaker consistently asks his God to grant him a request that can be gained completely by going in what seems to be the opposite direction. He requests to be overthrown so that he may rise and stand (l n 3), and even more vividly to be ravished only so he can become chaste (ln 14). In nearly every sentence Donne writes, there is an example of such a paradox. The repetition of these opposing concepts makes the tone of desperation in thespeakers words easily detectable. A man has to be at his absolute end to ask that his God do more than simply seek to mend his wounds. The speaker declares in lines one and two that he would rather be battered. The fact that the voice of the speaker seems to be crying out these requests with no restraint proves that he is completely consumed by this need for the resulting faithfulness that is ensured.The words of the poem are harsh and severe. Their hard sound allows the reader to truly understand how weak and wounded the speaker feels. An imagery that touches the readers sense of feeling, both physically and emotionally, is illustrated predominantly throughout the verse. The words paint perfectly the horrible images of being imprisoned, broken, or r avished. The reader feels the pain that would be brought if these things actually occurred. At the same time the harsh words and images cause the reader to also identify with the emotional state the speaker has to be in to make such requests.Donne also uses some other poetic devices that cause the reader to feel the words instead of simply reading them. For example, the alliteration in line four (break, blow, burn) brings with it the feeling of being knocked overpower or overthrown simply by its beating rhythm. The structure of the poems sentences also seems to stress the speakers current state more than the help that would be brought by his God intervening. Donne does this by placing these improved results in the middle of the sentences as subordinate clauses, causing the reader to give less emphasis to the possibilities for ameliorate and focus more on the speakers current state of hopelessness.Donnes poem is overall captivating, real, and moving. It stirs emotion inside of the readers and holds their attention with the harsh reality that this poem is the description of nearly all people who have faith. Though the phrase three-personed God is an allusion to the Christian triumvirate, anyone who is deep-rooted in their religion can bear on to this desperate longing to be faithful to their God in a real and passionate way. Though hard to believe, most of those people probably feel that this poem was based on a passionate prayer from their very own heart.

Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Essay

Harry Potter and the sleeping accommodation of Secrets is ab break Harry Potter and his friends at Hogwarts. In the beginning, Dobby went to Harrys house and told him that he should not go to school day this year. It is very dangerous. Harry went to school anyway. A cat and a lot of people got petrified. Some of Harrys friends think it is him create the problems. When Harry was playing Quidditch, Dobby do the ball hit him and Harry lost all of the bones in his arm. Then, Professor Lockhart taught the students at Hogwarts how to fight evil. Harry spoke in Parseltongue which is making sounds like a snake.Harry, Hermione, and Ron made a Polyjuice potion to catch Malfoy talking about petrifying all of the people. Then, Harry found a diary that writes back when you write in it. Tom Riddle is the one who wrote to him in the diary and told him that Hagrid opened the Chamber of Secrets. After Hermione is petrified, Dumbledore and Lucius Malfoy took Hagrid away because Lucius thought Hag rid was petrifying everyone. Hagrid told Harry and Ron to follow the spiders. Harry and Ron followed the spiders to the forest and the spiders almost killed them, precisely they escaped.Then, Voldemort took Ginny to the chamber and Harry, Ron, and Professor Lockhart had to go find her. Professor Lockhart cursed himself and Harry went to the chamber by himself. He found Ginny and Tom Riddle. Tom Riddle is Voldemort when he was a kid. Professor Dumbledores phoenix came and poked out the snakes eyes and the magic hat gave Harry a sword. Then Harry killed the snake and stabbed the diary so Tom Riddle was dead. The best part of the book was when Lucius Malfoy gave Dobby a sock so he is free and doesnt have to work for him anymore.

Homelessness: What We Can Do About It

Being homeless is often defined as sleeping on the streets. Although this is the close visible and severe form of homelessness, there ar galore(postnominal) other types of acute admit need. These take on living in temporary accommodation, sad or overcrowded conditions, or being in mortgage arrears and infra threat of re-possession. (Hope, 27) It is a symptom of many complex worrys mental illness, emotional instability, illiteracy, chronic substance abuse, unemployment, and, roughly sanctioned of all, the breakdown of city planning.Anyone can become homeless and the reasons that force pile into homelessness argon many and varied. The leading cause, however, of homelessness in the United States is the inability of poor people to afford housing. Housing costs accommodate risen significantly over the last decade, while the incomes of poor and middle-class Americans have stagnated. (Erickson, 169) The millions of Americans who are fired or work in broken-paying jobs are am ong the most vulnerable to becoming homeless. Therefore, homelessness, housing, and income are inextricably linked.Low-income people are frequently unable to pay for housing, food, child-care, health care, and education. Difficult choices must be made when special resources cover only some of these necessities. Often it is housing, which takes a high proportion of income that must be dropped. deuce major(ip) sources of income are from employment and public assistant. A decrease in either one of them would sure as shooting put poor people at peril of homelessness. Additionally, minimum mesh earnings no longstanding lift families above the poverty line.More than 3 million poor Americans spend much than one-half of their total income on housing, yet the Department of Housing and Urban Development estimates families should spend no to a greater extent than 30%. (Gilbert, 84) Although many homeless adults are employed, they work in day-labor jobs that do not meet basic inevitabl y, while technological acceleration excludes others from a competitive job market. Many factors have contributed to declining work opportunities for boastful segments of the workforce, including the loss of well-paying manufacturing jobs.The decay in relatively bushel and well-paying jobs in manufacturing, which have been replaced by less secure and poorly-paid jobs in the service sector, has greatly limited the opportunities for poorly-educated and low-skilled segments of the population. This transformation has led to an unprecedented incidence of chronic unemployment and underemployment. (Hardin, 379) Underemployment is an especially useful measure of the decline in secure jobs since, unlike the unemployment rate, measures of underemployment reflect not only individuals who are unemployed, but also involuntary part-timers and those who have given up seeking work. (Hardin, 263)In addition to change magnitude underemployment, an estimated 29. 4% of the workforce are employed in nonstandard work arrangements, for example, independent contracting, working for a temporary help agency, day labor, and regular part-time employment. These kinds of work arrangements typically offer lower pursues, less benefits, and less job security. As recently as 1967, a year-round worker earning the minimum wage was paid enough to raise a family of three above the poverty line (Sklar, 103).From 1981-1990, however, the minimum wage was frozen at $3. 5 an hour, while the cost of living increased 48% over the homogeneous period. Congress raised the minimum wage to $5. 15 per hour in 1996. This increase made up only slightly more than half of the ground lost to inflation in the 1980s (Hardin, 191). Thus, regular year-round minimum-wage earnings currently not equal to the estimated poverty line for a family of three. Unsurprisingly, the decline in the value of the minimum wage has been accompanied by an increase in the shape of people earning poverty-level proceeds and the dec lining wages have put housing out of reach for many workers, in every state. cut down public assistance has also left many people homeless or at risk of homelessness. Replacement of the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) entitlement program, a program that was already inadequate in meeting the needs of families, with the non-entitlement block grant program would significantly increase the risk of homelessness for many Americans. Furthermore, earned income and asset limitations dissuade individuals and families from breaking the cycle of homelessness and extreme poverty.Several states have terminated or reduced public assistance and food stamps for individuals, while Social Security Income (SSI) is inadequate, and sometimes impossible to obtain, for disabled individuals. As a result, the number of poor Americans is growing and the poor are getting poorer. Across America, there has been a substantial decline in the number of housing units that low-income people and those in need of shelter assistance can afford. Those losings have resulted primarily from downtown urban re red-hot-sprung(prenominal)al, gentrification, abandonment, and suburban land use controls.The elimination and reduction of federal low income housing programs has also dramatically reduced the supply of affordable shelter. Moreover, construction of low income and assisted housing has essentially stopped. Due to the increased demand and diminished supply of housing or shelter, the problem of homelessness is further deteriorated. The amount of housing available in the private sector rental stock is decrease rapidly. As more and more landlords abandon apartment buildings and houses rather than repair them, the housing supply for the poor has declined at an accelerating pace in some cities in the nation.The growth of service-sector employment in central furrow districts has attracted white-collar professionals, many of whom prefer to live in accessible central city neighborhoods, w here they compete with poor, endemical residents for private market housing (Noyelle, 210). The result is frequently gentrification of inner city housing which traditionally has been the major source of low- income housing. At the same time, downtown service sector expansion has created jobs for many low-waged workers, which increases the demand for low cost shelter readily accessible to the downtown.It makes the homeless in downtown even harder to rent a place to live. Downtown development also diminishes the supply of low-income housing for poor people. As the City raises more new office towers, the vacancy for housing is getting less. In Seattle, for instance, office space in downtown grew from 13 million square feet in 1981 to about 24 million square feet in 1990. On the other hand, the downtown low-income housing stock declined from about 11,000 units in 1980 to less than 6,000 units in 1987.With the passage of new housing levies, cities will try to regain some low income units , but today s low-income units vaporise faster than they can be built and there is still a shortage in housing supply in downtown areas. Besides, the qualities of temporary shelters for homeless people are terrible that they think staying on streets is a better choice. Not only have the lost bed-spaces not been made up, but the new hostels are not as readily accessible to the homeless coming directly off the street.They draw to cater to special-needs groups and access tends to be through referral. Planners can play an important role in the hunting for solutions to homelessness. And homelessness is an extensive, complex process. Different kinds of interpolation are needed to deal with the problem. But the most widely accredited approach is a three-tier system, beginning with emergency shelters and moving through transitional accommodations to long-term housing. Rehabilitation of nonagenarian buildings by minimal funding are common projects to provide shelters for the homeless p eople.However, some observers suggests that making the return of buildings for low-income housing profitable, for developers or investors, can be the solution to the homeless problem. Our examination makes it clear that piecemeal intervention can alleviate emergency shelter crises, but such action will not fragment the long-term problem of finding permanent shelter for the homeless and returning them to the mainstream of society wherever possible, which we bear on as the ultimate goal of intervention.Equally obvious is that while long-term intervention strategies are vital, they do not address the problems of survival for those presently without shelter and support. We conclude that both long-term and short-term measures are necessary, but that all the solutions should be based on integrated, comprehensive understanding of the homelessness problem. Only such a comprehensive approach will allow planners to develop workable strategies with any chance for success.

How did government affect agriculture Essay

The point of 1865-1900 was classified as an earned run average of Republicans, where laissez-fare govern custodyts elevateed big businesses. Technology was significantly evolving, focusing mainly on urban manufacturing. New technological advancements in farming were sold to the farmers at laid-back prices and shipped at high freight rates. Also, the prices of cash crops dropped during this current, causing many farmers to live in pitiful conditions. In administration, the berth of urban industry and big businesses overcame that of the pro-farming politicians. Technology, government policy, and economic conditions in force(p)ly declined agriculture politically, industrially, and economically. Impediments such as industrial issues, poor representation in government, and waning agricultural prices that the farmers were forced to face, made agriculture suffer greatly during the belatedly 19th century.During this period, the U.S. was technologically evolving at a rapid rate. New inventions and advancements made life easier for the working class. Railroads, subsequently spreading all over the nation, made any part of the country accessible and expanded the national market. Document B displays that the years 1870-1890, the number of railroads in the nations increased massively. Also, the number of railroads with major land grants grew as hygienic. At first glance, this change seems to have benefited the farmers, but actually did the opposite. It is true that railroads al low-t nonpareilded the farmers to expand and have a way to ship their harvest-time and cattle a lot faster to more markets. However, greedy men like Cornelius Vanderbilt controlled the railroads. Extremely high freight rates made the farmers lose more than they expected.Likewise, the cost of shipping, taxes, low buying prices, overproduction, and cost of equipment, the farmer gained a mere profit. The technological advancements did make farming easier, but a lot were too expensive for th e farmer to afford. In document D, a farmer during a wheat harvest preferred to use a team of about 30 horses instead of the possibly motorized robotlike harvester. New agricultural technology didnt help much or not even as effective as old methods and also was too expensive so farmers chose to stick with the old methods. Technology seemed ameliorate when looked at, but not in reality when it was put to use. This is an example that can be characterized by the era named by Mark Twain, The Gilded AgeThe nations government policy at the time was laissez-fare or hands-off government. TheRepublicans were in power during this period and favored industry and the big businesses. Consequently, farmers had a poor representation in government both in-state and nationally. Agricultural process was made, but still were limited gains.For example, a law was carried through the Illinois legislative body and then Supreme Court to limit the freight rates and it was passed (Document C). As you can see, it was a low-pitched victory for the farmers and others, but still limited to only Illinois. Furthermore, the ones that contributed to the growth of agriculture were those part of the Populist company. The party consisted of concourse who favored the rights of the farmers. Several organizations were established to favor the farmers. For example, the Grangers and the Farmers Alliance were organizations that allowed its members that shared common goals to organize and unite. In document G Mary Elizabeth Lease delivers a speech to the people, telling them that the government lied to the people and deceived them. She proves her argument with the crop price reductions and claims of overproduction.Also, the government had problems dealing with the Indians and the settling of agricultural acres for Americans (Document I). A co passing gameal controversy during this period was the issue of the gold vs. silver standard. The Populists of course wanted the silver standard, for inflatio n and to soaker the economy. This would help out the farmers and miners out west. William Jennings Bryan claimed that the country depended on farmers and without them the country would fall. Also, that the country should be in favor of the farmers because they provide for the nation and are more important than the cities (Document J). The hand-off policy of the Republicans did not allow for much forward motion of the nations economy and even let it suffer as did the farmers. Not only did the farmers suffer, but as well as the whole nation because of presidents such as Grant and Hayes.Economic conditions for the farmers were poor and no one was there to help them. The farmers tried, but could not gain the silver standard they needed to improve their positions and pay themselves. Moreover, the big businesses and pro-wealthy Republicans were in the way of the farmers and holding them back. In document A, one can see that as the farmers produced more and more to make more money, the price of the crop dropped as well, thus, leading to overproduction and loss of money. Even if the farmer wassuccessful, he would have to give up his success to the government and railroads with more power in the industry.Nevertheless, on occasion contracts were signed, for example the one in North Carolina shown by Document E where the farmer would sign away half of his net proceeds, leaving him with hardly anything. The farmer was left wing crippled in a nettlesome cycle. Many times, the cattle and crops were shipped to far away markets such as Chicago, and the pass across fare would increase as the distance increase (Document F). This soft on(p) hard at the pockets of the farmers. Many farmers were left to starve, out of work, and poor. Additionally, the poor weather such as hail would ruin the crops or the businessmen would put in the crops (Document H). Consequently, the economic conditions did not favor the farmer, even though they provided for the nation, they were ruined by the people they help feed.This period part of the Gilded Age, America suffered because of a weak government policy and the big businesses had the real power. Unfortunately, the farmers were struck with the negative side effects that occurred from all this. American agriculture greatly declined, even though at first it seemed to have been benefited, it was industrially, politically, and economically destroyed and left in a tormenting cycle.

Jefferson vs. Hamilton: Confrontations That Shaped a Nation Essay

The book by Noble Cunningham seeks to showcase the contrasting ideas employed by Thomas Jefferson and Richard Hamilton in pursuit of forming and building the American nation. It offers analysis and insight surrounding their perceptions on how the country should be governed. The book copies excerpts from the twos compositions and literary works which can make readers appreciate and understand their points of view surrounding the issues of planning, implementation and issues surrounding the period of 1787-1804.On one hand, we see Alexander Hamilton who sought-after(a) to promote a new approach in the deliverance wherein he advocates the urban mercantile interests. He advocated the role of a strong central establishment in the promotion of new economic policies that can improve commerce and industries (Cunningham, 2000). At the same time, he advocated that consultation must be supplemented and be supported by adequate planning. Cunningham mentioned that this can be achieved by creat ing a Central Bank that is administrative of both fiscal and national industries (p.48).On the other hand, Thomas Jefferson who was an anti-federalist sought to advocate the rights of the conjure up rights. Though both actors may adhere to the application of a central government in foreign affairs, Jefferson did not see it also applicable in other domestic and state affairs (Cunningham, 2000). Seeing this, the main argument between the two involves the creation of the Central Bank. Cunningham argued that for Jefferson, he viewed much(prenominal) scenario as a move to centralize the power of decision making from states to the central government (p. 65).In the end, the book offers a good presentation of the contending arguments and view of both actors which in the end paved the direction for the creation and development of America during that period. It is through their efforts and contrasting views that their legacies shall forever be imparted in history as individuals who shaped and made changes possible for all.Work CitedCunningham, Noble, E. Jefferson vs. Hamilton Confrontations That Shaped a Nation. 2000 (USBedford/St. Martins) accessed 19 March 2009.

Emhart business

The possibility of the lock avocation of Emhart to succeed in confines with the power slit and land home improvement of B & B is truly slim in the international market place place place in as much as it is offering a new line of product. unalike products take different startes in the international market. Consequently, there in the need to part come forth some separate strategies for the marketing of the new lock and associated hard w atomic number 18s.In as much as Grunewalds proposal for Emhart business tool is on a global out look, should be given on the whole the necessary approach although not in the identical marketing plan and strategy with B & D due to the item that the products offer vary from one companys brand name to an separate. The issue is that, the buyer in foreign markets should are aware of products quality and durability before they place orders. In as much as B & D has different product lines and brand names, it is not achievable to fail Emhart product in those market proportionately.It will take time to penetrate the overseas markets. B & D has performed very well using the three key factors which include strategies, managerial and operational activities cutting & Decker operationalised its global approach to the identification and culture of military man products through a process of strategic managerial and operational activities (integrative cases page 655). Consequently, Grunewald should follow these three plans although not in the same approach but on a similar platform due to the fact that his line of products is different from that of B & D with a new brand name.The three plans (strategies, managerial and operational activities) was applied by B & D in the identification and development of world cleans products. So the words to note are, identification development and a world clans products. So the first strategy to apply is the product identification. He has identified the locks and lock sets handled by Emhart corporation which he wanted to integrate to a world class company in the marketing of her land wares. The big question is, how he knew that the hard ware will be marketable in the overseas countries amidst stiff competition?.What strategies is he going to apply in order to determine the insight of his line of product in those markets abroad?. The strategies to be carried out is the identification of a new product. In order words, his product is new in the foreign market. To begin, there is the need to carry out a market research on the products in order to commence out the list of countries that have the highest meaning rate of kitchen hard waves, the exportation countries to those overseas countries on his research list. He must find out the prices they offer, quality, specifications delivery, etc.He must get this data first and based on these findings, he bed map out his strategies. He has two options to take either to sets up a production until in those countries or exportin g it directly. Although establishing a production unit is more economical in order to snip cost of nearly 50% percent. He should also considered the individual governing body rules and regulation in those foreign countries as regards exports/ issue activities and in setting up production unit. In either ways he chooses, he should map out his strategies that will enable him complete with other foreign suppliers in those foreign countries.He should get samples of the products that are being supplied to those countries to see if he can make a change, modify, making it keeper than others etc. This is the nigh important aspect of his marketing strategy. He should do every thing possible to make his line of products more economically be attracted to customers in those countries. This is the first step he should do. He should also border into consideration using the 4 Ps which include product, promotion, place and price. In marketing strategic, the product should be considered first a nd then the quality, in order to satisfy the buyer.As regards your place of businessm You should appoint sales representative / distributors in case of exporting to those countries. In the case of setting up production unit, its factory location deep down and industrial areas become very necessary as local distributors can easily carry his products and sell to whole seller and retailers he should consider the price of the products and make it very competitive with other dealers two on export to those countries and from the production unit in those countries.There is also the need for its publicity. The products should be advertised two in the electronic media and in the printed media, to enable it penetrate the foreign markets. Also he must find out the bilateral relationship between those countries and his outlandish. It whitethorn be that due to economic and political reason, his country is restricted to trade with either of the countries on the import list.He should also unde rstand the culture of the people as B & D did and should study the political stability of that country and must ensure that, he insures his enthronement which should include both insurance from an issuance firm and re-insurance from government agency dealing in export for his national products. This service from the government will assist him a great deal in competing with other suppliers to those regions due to the fact that he could offer goods on credit to buyers and sell at a very competitive price under the government and insurance guaranteeSecure against currency inconvertibility and confiscation of assets by host government in case of setting up production unit abroad. In another development, he may set up the production unit on the export processing zone which can reduce cost unto 60% of the cost and product can be s venerable both locally and internationally (for exporting to third countries). These are some of the areas to be considered in penetrating the foreign markets as a recommendable strategy. The next step is the product development. The product should be developed based on the researched that has been carried out as stated above.It must fulfill all the condition necessary to enable it complete with other supplies This tip is an evaluation of the product idea in term of its potential for enabling the company to take ut closely advantage of its competitive strong point. (Don Weller export product development of international trade gist (ITCC) Geneva). The next is the product identification world class product like that of B & D. The very force outlined about relating product identification should as well be applicable in all foreign countries since, the culture, consuming pattern, prices varies from one country to another.If this is put into action, then, the product will be marketable in different parts of the world Don of ITC wrote product differentiation means selling exactly the same product in every market. It could be the same hard wave from Emhart but specification, sizes, prices, saturation etc, vary from one country to another in considering the above factor. In carrying out the market research, he should apply both desk and field research. Desk research basically involves the collection of information from documentary sources published in unpublished according to Don.Today the internet has become a major source for desk research as most library has gone online information that can be obtained from desk research include, prices of the commodity, suppliers data, information about the political, terrif of those countries etc. The other is called Field Research. The field research should be carried out in the foreign country. In that case, a questionnaire is initiationed which is given to people in those countries most preferably, the dealers of the hard ware who already had experience in the market.The research will include questions that will be asked in order to find out the market position of the countr y in terms of prices, consuming pattern, quality, specification etc. Therefore, the product identification and development in order to suit the foreign market requirement is the key to Emharts success. The next is the managerial ability. The management team should include staff that are experienced in international trade operation. Those that can formulate policies and sound business ideas in caring out their operations Worley wrote initiate the inquiring.This phase determines the surmount and change. It emphasized member involvement to identify the organizational issue they have the most to address (page 29). In as much as Emhart is focusing on global market, there is the need to replace old staff with new staff that have the skill in international operation. worley added individual level design components Skill varied, the range of activities and abilities require task completion In as much as the required staff are put into place, operation can begin based on the researched t hat had been concluded in foreign markets on those products.At this function, Gramuld, can follow up the procedures adopted by B & D by opening regional offices and sales representatives in different part of the word. B & D can contribute training to the staff that had the relevant qualification and considerable experience. This is the transfer of the know how from B & D to Emhart in their international operations. Gruamud should as has well consult a consultants in international trade who can sequester out plans to enable him operate efficiently.

Criminal law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Criminal law - Essay ExampleThere can be both types of manslaughter, voluntary and involuntary. Voluntary manslaughter occurs when a person kills with a malice aforethought or intention (mens rea). unwilling manslaughter occurs when close occurs because of negligence or because of another illegal, dangerous act. To clarify, Actus Reus is the criminal act. It often goes with mens rea. There are simple machinedinal types of involuntary manslaughter. These are Constructive Manslaughter and Gross Negligence Manslaughter. Constructive manslaughter or Unlawful Act Manslaughter comm but occurs when death results from the defendants unlawful act. To understand the concept of involuntary manslaughter, we could put the situation of David and dent for consideration. David and gouge could be charged with Constructive Manslaughter. The prosecution, if the duo should be charged with Constructive Manslaughter, needs to stool the legal elements in the case. The actus reus was homicide, speci fically manslaughter. The death occured because of David and Nicks unlawful act of damaging the tyres of the car Gordon drove. The mens rea for this situation would be the mere idea that they should puncture the tyres of the politician because they are unhappy with the way the politician runs the government. The mere thought that they should inflict an illegal act upon someones belongings, whether the intention is to kill or not, is sufficient enough to charge someone of manslaughter, because they intended to inflict harm on someone. Because the death only resulted from an act they performed indirectly on the politician, it cant be murder. Since the killing is the result of the David and Nicks unlawful act of slashing the tires, and they were reasonable enough (not insane) to rationalize that they needed to slash Gordons tyres because on the grounds that the politician was causing their problems, the act is Constructive Manslaughter. The act cannot be considered murder as they cut down the tyres without meaning to kill the person, even if it meant the death of the driver of the car. The mens rea is quite clear and they indeed meant harm to the politician, although not necessarily his death. The death happened because of the injuries sustained from the head injuries that were incurred during the accident, which is not a direct harm but save a consequence caused by the defendants actions. This phenomenon is called the Natural Consequences of the Defendants Act, like the R v Pagett persona in 1983 where the defendant tried to use a little girl as human protect when he was being arrested by the police. The girl died because she took the bullet. This case is similar to David and Nicks case because Gordon died because David and Nick put him in danger because of their behavior. David and Nick could also be charged with Gross Negligence Manslaughter. This happens when the death is because of negligence or omission on the part of the defendant. According to the ju dge in R v Bateman (1925) 19 Cr App R 8, the negligence of the accused showed disregard for the life and safety of others as to measuring stick to a crime. To describe the grossness of the negligence in a case, the Adomako (from R v Adomako (1994) 3 each ER 79)test a) the existence of a duty of care to the deceased b) a rift of that duty of care which c) causes (or significantly contributes) to the death of the victim and d) the breach should be characterised as gross negligence, and then a crime. Since

Assess how national culture impacts on the international business Essay

Assess how national culture impacts on the international business environment, giving examples - assay ExampleTrans-national companies like Sony, General Motors, carry a distinct identity of the culture they first operated in despite now having worldwide operations. Quite simply speaking the culture is studied as equivalent word of culture. We often come across terms like the Japanese culture, the British culture, the Australian culture, or Russian culture. The countries, like Canada, US, UK, and India with many different racial, religious, or regional cultures are called multi-cultural countries. Yet many countries located in a specific geographical area can be bound by the thread of a common culture. For example, the Caribbean countries like Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, and Antigua can be referred to as having a common culture.It is very important to come upon the word culture as it is construed in the context of business management. Some of the definitions offer interesting in sights into the richness the national culture has for business leaders, professionals, management gurus and academics. Culture is variously defined (cited by Fougere, 2007) as that obscure whole, which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and other capabilities acquired by man as a member of society (Tylor) the collective programming of the mind, which distinguishes the members of hotshot human congregation of another (Hofstede) a system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living (Hill). Thus culture is defined as summation of beliefs and capabilities (Tylor), a collective programming of mind (Hofstede) and a plan for life (Hill) (Cited by Fougere, 2007). The cultural norms thus embodied in the collective consciousness of a people are select in daily life in a matter of fact way. These come to be reflected in the work ethos of the business entities. Howsoever, different definitions cu lture are, there is unanimity of opinion in